Advanced Computer Networking

(3 cr.hrs=2cr.hrs/3 lab)
IT, M.Sc. Program

Behailu Getachew, Assistant Prof.

School Of Computing
Ethiopian Institute Of Technology-Mekelle (EiT-M)
Mekelle University
 Introduction
Computer Networks and the Internet:
What’s the Internet?
What’s a protocol?
Network edge: hosts, access net, physical media
Network core:packet/circuit-switching, Internet
structure
Performance: loss, delay, throughput
Security
Protocol layers: service models
History (Reading Assignment)

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 Introduction
What’s the Internet: “nuts and bolts” view

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 Introduction
Examples of Internet appliances

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What’s the Internet?

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What’s the Internet: a service view

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 Introduction
What’s a protocol?

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What’s a protocol?

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Network structure: Network Abstraction

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The network edge

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Access networks and physical media

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 Introduction
Access net: digital subscriber line (DSL)

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Access net: cable network

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Access net: cable network

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Access net: home network

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Enterprise access networks (Ethernet)

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Wireless access networks

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Host: sends packets of data

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Physical media:

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 Introduction
Physical media: coax, fiber

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 Introduction
Physical media: radio

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 Introduction
The network core

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 Introduction
Two key network-layer functions

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 Introduction
Packet-switching: store-and-forward

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Packet Switching: queuing delay, loss

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 Introduction
Alternative core: circuit switching

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Circuit switching: FDM versus TDM

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 Introduction
Packet switching versus circuit switching
packet switching allows to “pack” more users on a link


than with circuit switching.

This is because with circuit switching, each user can


consume the maximum bandwidth. Therefore, a user holds

this link bandwidth even when it is inactive.
With packet switching, an inactive user consumes no


bandwidth, which is then available to other active users.

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 Introduction
Packet switching versus circuit switching

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 Introduction
Packet switching versus circuit switching

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 Introduction
Internet structure: network of networks

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Internet structure: network of networks

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Internet structure: network of networks

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Internet structure: network of networks

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 Introduction
How do loss and delay occur?

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Four sources of packet delay

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Four sources of packet delay

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Caravan analogy

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Caravan analogy

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Queueing delay

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“Real” Internet delays and routes

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“Real” Internet delays and routes

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Packet loss: Introduction

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Throughput Introduction

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Throughput Introduction

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 Introduction
Throughput: Internet scenario

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 Introduction
Foundation of Networking Protocols: Protocol “layers”-
networks are complex, with many “pieces”.
hosts
Routers: Internet addressing/logical addressing
links of various media
applications
protocols
hardware, software

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 Introduction
Organization of air travel

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Layering of airline functionality

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Why layering?

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Internet protocol stack

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ISO/OSI reference model

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Encapsulation Introduction

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Network security

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Bad guys: put malware into hosts via Internet

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Bad guys: attack server, network infrastructure

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Bad guys can sniff packets

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Bad guys can use fake addresses

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 Introduction
Internet history: [Assignment]
 1961-1972: Early packet-switching principles
 1972-1980: Internetworking, new and proprietary nets
 Cerf and Kahn’s internetworking principles:
minimalism, autonomy – no internal changes required to
interconnect networks
best effort service model
stateless routers
decentralized control define today’s Internet Architecture

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 Introduction
Internet history ...: [Assignment]
 1980-1990: new protocols, a proliferation of networks
 1990, 2000’s: commercialization, the Web, new apps

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