INTERIOR DESIGN

LIGHTING
BY: USMAN KHAN(D-15-AR-46)
SEERAT HAYAT(D-15-AR-30)
 INTRODUCTION

LIGHT:
 Light is radiant energy. It radiates equally in all
directions and spreads over a larger area as it
emanates from its source.
 light reveals to our eyes the surfaces and forms of
objects in space. Diffuse or multiple reflections
occur when light is reflected from
matte or unpolished surfaces.
Angle of incidence equals
angle of reflectance.

Opaque materials block the Diffused transmission occurs Non-diffuse transmission occurs Specular reflection occurs when
transmission of light and through translucent materials, through clear, transparent light is reflected from a shiny,
cast shadows such as frosted glass. The light materials, such as glass and opaque surface.
source is not clearly visible some plastics.
 LIGHTING AND VISION
Luminous objects, such as
translucent light fixtures,
emit light.

 Our ability to see well—that is, to discern shape,

color, and texture, and to differentiate one object
Incident light
from another—is affected not only by the amount of
light available for illumination but also by the Objects become visible when they are
illuminated and
following factors: their surfaces reflect or transmit incident
light.
1) Brightness
2) Contrast
3) Clare
4) Diffusion
5) Color
Light reveals the shape, color, and texture of objects.
BRIGHTNESS :
 Brightness refers to how much light energy is reflected by a surface.

 The degree of brightness of an object, in turn, depends on the color value and texture of
its surface.
 A shiny, light-colored surface will reflect more light than a dark, matte, or rough-textured
surface, even though both surfaces are lit with the same amount of illumination.

CONTRAST :
 Contrast between an object and its background is especially critical for visual tasks that
require the discrimination of shape and contour.
 An obvious example of this need for contrast is the printed page, where dark letters can
best be read when printed on light paper.

High background brightness is To aid in discriminating surface

helpful in delineating shape and detail, surface brightness must be
outline. increased.
GLARE:
There are two types of glare, direct and indirect. Direct glare is caused by the
brightness of light sources within our normal field of vision. The brighter the light
source, the greater is the glare potential.

INDIRECT GLARE:
Locate light fixtures out of the direct-glare zone.
 Indirect glare is caused by a task or viewing surface reflecting light from a light
source into the viewer’s eyes.
 The term veiling reflection is sometimes used to describe this type of glare
because the reflection of the light.
 Indirect glare is most severe when the task or viewing surface is shiny and has a
high specular reflectance value.

DIFFUSED LIGHTING:
 Diffuseness is a measure of a light’s direction and dispersion as it emanatesBright, concentrated light sources above and forward
of the task surface can cause veiling reflectances.
from its source.
 This quality of light affects both the visual atmosphere of a room and the
appearance of objects within it.
 Diffused lighting is useful for general vision, it can be monotonous.
Broad sources of light produce
diffused illumination.

Concentrated light sources

produce directional lighting.
 LIGHTING PRINCIPLES

 Light is the prime animator of interior space.

 Without light, there would be no visible form, color, or texture, nor any visible
enclosure of interior space.
 The first function of lighting design, is to illuminate the forms and space of an
interior environment, to enable users to undertake activities and perform tasks
with appropriate speed, accuracy, and comfort.
LIGHTING PATTERNS:
 Poorly placed or irregularly scattered lighting fixtures contribute to distracting visual clutter.
 Carefully organized lighting patterns emphasize architectural features, provide cues to the use and orientation of
the space, and support the designer’s intent.
 Lighting layout drawings coordinate lighting fixture locations with sprinkler heads, air diffusers, return grilles,
smoke detectors, loudspeakers, and other ceiling elements.

BRIGHTNESS BALANCE:
 Vertical surfaces are the most visually conspicuous features in a space.
 Lighting should preserve the integrity of vertical planes, highlight special features or finishes, and avoid spatial
distortions such as scallops on walls.

SHADOWS”
 Patterns of light and shadow create visual interest by rendering the texture and three-dimensional form of objects.
 LIGHT FIXTURES

 Light fixtures are integral parts of a building’s electrical

system, transforming energy into usable illumination
 We are concerned not only with the shape and form of
the fixture but also with the form of the illumination it
provides. Point sources give focus to a space, since the
area of greatest brightness in a space tends to attract
our attention.
 Linear sources can be used to give direction, emphasize
the edges of planes, or outline an area. A parallel series
of linear sources can form a plane of illumination that is
effective for the general, diffused lighting of an area
 Volumetric sources are point sources expanded by the
use of translucent materials into spheres, globes or
other three-dimensional forms .
 TYPE OF LIGHT FIXTURE

 A light fixture consists of one or more electric lamps

with all of the necessary parts and wiring for
supporting, positioning, and protecting them,
connecting them to a power supply, and distributing
the light.
 Light fixtures can provide direct and/or indirect
illumination. The form of distribution depends on the
design of the fixture

Pendant
Semi recessed Track- mounted
Recessed mounted

Surface-mounted
 AMBIENT LIGHTING

 Ambient lighting is used to soften shadows, smooth out and expand the corners of a room, and
provide a comfortable level of illumination for safe movement and general maintenance.

Ambient point sources Ambient linear s

Indirect linear And

Direct/indirect point
linear sources
sources
 FOCAL LIGHTNING

 Focal lighting creates brighter areas within the

ambient light levels of a space through the use of task
lighting and accent lighting.
 Task lighting illuminates specific areas of a space for
the performance of visual tasks or activities. The light
sources are usually placed close to—either above or
beside—the task surface
LIGHTING DESIGN
 Our eyes seek the brightest objects and the
strongest tonal contrasts in their fields of
vision, this coordination can serve to
reinforce the architectural features and
support the function of the space.
 Lighting design should be balanced in its
composition, provide an appropriate sense
of rhythm, and give emphasis to what is
important.
 Lighting design is the process of
integrating light with the physical structure
of the building, the designer’s concept for
the interior space and the functional uses
of the space .
 MEASURING LIGHT
The term “candlepower” is often
used to describe the relative
 Lighting technology is advancing about as fast as intensity of a light source.
computer technology.
 The major challenge today is to minimize lighting
energy use without sacrificing quality.
 Illuminance is a measure of incident light on a
surface.
 It is measured in lumens per square foot (foot
candles) orlumens per square meter (lux).

Illuminated
surface
THANKYOU

REFRENCE: FRANKS DK CHING

INTERIOR DESIGN ILLUSTRATOR