Ayush Kumar

1SG07IS008

Information Science
Sapthagiri College of Engineering

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 A simple and inexpensive method of encoding text
information that is easily read by inexpensive electronic
readers.
 Used as an index to a record in the database
 Allows data to be collected rapidly and with extreme accuracy
 The potential for errors from manual data input is eliminated
 offers resistance to harsh environments and adherence to
various surfaces
 It is resilient
 Plays key role in company’s success
 Returns more detailed information about the item
 Also track how much of a product is currently in stock

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 It is an automatic identification technology
 It is a predefined format of dark bars and white

spaces
 Structured to contain a specific piece of information

 It allows real-time data to be collected accurately

and rapidly
 Combination of barcode technology with computer

and application software improves performance,

productivity and profitability

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 Two commonly used
symbologies are:-

 EAN 13

 CODE 39

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 BAR
-The darker, non reflective element of a Bar
Code
 CHECK DIGIT
- a calculated character included within the Bar
code for error detection
SPACE

-The lighter, reflective element of a Bar Code

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 START CHARACTER
 A special pattern of bars and spaces used to
identify the beginning of a Bar Code symbol
 STOP CHARACTER
 A special pattern of bars and spaces used to
identify the end of a Bar Code symbol
 INTER-CHARACTER GAP
 The space between the bars or spaces

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 European Article Number
 encodes 13 digits of numeric data

Ex:

 Its structure:-
 Start guard bars, always with a pattern bar+space+bar.
 Left halve, six digits encoded using the encoding
schema L or G;
 Center guard bars, with a pattern
space+bar+space+bar+space.
 Right halve, six digits encoded using the encoding
schema R.
 Stop guard bars, always with a pattern bar+space+bar.

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 The digits are split into 3 groups
 The first digit
 The first group of 6
 The last group of 6.

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R = L compliment
G = R (reversed)

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 Code39 (Sometimes called 3 from 9) barcodes use 9 bars to
represent each symbol.
 The bars can be black or white.
 The bars are either narrow or wide.
 Wide bars must be 2.1 to 3 times larger than narrow bars.
 Each symbol pattern starts and ends with a black bar.
 A valid barcode starts and ends with the STAR (*) symbol,
which is used as a delimiter.

TheThis could also be represented as

• STAR (*) symbol is made up of a narrow black bar,
a wide white bar, a narrow black bar, a narrow white
the string “bWbwBwBwb”
bar, a wide black bar, a narrow white bar, a wide black
bar, a narrow white bar, and a narrow black bar.

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What symbol is on the right?
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 A device used to extract information optically
from a Bar Code
 Consists of lens,photodiode,light sensor
 Ex:
Cordless scanner
Fixed beam scanner

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 The intensity of reflected light from the dark bars is less

than that of spaces

 Reflected light is converted into electrical voltage signals

 Analog voltages are digitized into raw data

 The decoder converts this data into the character data

representation of the symbol’s code

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 CONTACT READERS

 Must touch or come in close proximity of symbol

 Good where the label cannot be placed in an easy-
to-view position
 Normally hand-held/stationary units
 Common type is pen/wand reader

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 Reader need not come in contact with symbol

 Scan distance may be from 6” to several feet

depending upon symbol size and scanner
design

 Hand-held, fixed beam readers

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 REPRESENT UNIQUE IDENTITY OF A PRODUCT
 ACCURACY OF DATA INPUT (ERROR FREE)
 AID EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF RESOURCES AND
INVENTORIES
 LABOUR SAVINGS BY AVOIDING MANUAL SYSTEM

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 COST EFFICIENT
 REAL TIME DATA COLLECTION
 MEASUREMENT OF WORK IN PROGRESS THROUGHOUT
THE FACTORY
 RAPID ACCESS TO TOTAL PRODUCTION COSTS
 MORE ACCURATE DESPATCH

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 SHIPPING
 ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE (EDI)
 Direct communication between computers of
two companies (Manufacturer & Vendor)
 Reduces cost and saves time of business
transaction

 INVENTORY CONTROL

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 RETAIL APPLICATIONS
 Super markets
 Counter-mounted Bar Code scanners
 Universal Product Code (UPC)
 Price and description information

 WARE HOUSING

 HEALTH CARE APPLICATIONS

 Drugs, devices, instruments
 Identification of expiry date
 Blood banking
• Blood group
• Expiry date

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 It is a cost-effective method of data capture

 It accounts for 10-20% profit for industries

 Saves time and eliminates manual error

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Thank You

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Query??

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