ARCHITECTURE

Architecture

the practice of building

design and its resulting
products and culturally
architecture is to building
and its equivalent in
printing world is
literature

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Building Materials

• 1. Lumber
• 2. Stones
• 3. Earth or mud
• 4. Steel
• 5. Glass

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Different kinds of Architecture

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Egyptian 3500
BCE

Egyptian architecture
include towering
gateways and statues.
They're the oldest
architectural structure.
Examples of
monumental
architecture.

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Greek 600 BC

Greek architecture
includes doric, ionic, and
corinthian columns. In
each scheme, columns,
capitals, architrave and
cornice have their own
harmonious proportions.
All of the known classical
temples are constructed
around the basic layout of
a rectangular, enclosed
space.

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Roman 100 BC

Roman architecture includes

round arch, the Vaults and
cupola. Houses were
decorated with elaborately
carved and painted beams,
wall and ceiling murals, and
furnished in exquisite
materials. Magnificent
theaters, stadia, thermal
baths, and villas were
erected. They developed
their own style of building,
marked especially by the use
of masonry walls for support
instead of columns.
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Early Christian
300 CE

Early Christian
architecture was
marked above all the
buildings of churches.
The original church
was merely a common
room in a private
residence. The hall
church, or basilica,
emerged.

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Byzantine
330 CE

A style of architecture
based on the round Roman
temple emerged. When its
round plan was combined
with the basilica, the result
was a new type of
building, capped by
domes, its interior
illuminated by daylight
from an abundance of
windows in the side walls.

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 Islamic 700 CE

Its layout derived from the Arabian

private house, a roofed building
located in a courtyard. The roof of
a mosque is supported by rows of
columns ending in round or pointed
arches. The spaces between the
columns are left empty, permitting
visitors to move unhindered in
every direction. The courtyard is
encompassed by further colonnades,
and the prayer house, usually
concealed by high wall, is
identifiable from a distance by a
slender tower, or minaret.

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 Romanesque
900 CE

Its stylistic traits include

monumentality, spaciousness,
and a noble, static effect.
Round arches and ceiling
vaults rest on columns and
pillars; the walls are
articulated by half columns
and pilasters. A stepped
portal serves to emphasize
the entrance. The general
impression of solidity is
often augmented by massive
towers.

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 Gothic 1100 CE

Its stylistic features include

pointed arch, groined vault, and
large window apertures. The
interior spaces rise to
unprecedented heights,
permitted by a construction that
anticipated the modern skeleton
frame. The great loads involved
were compensated by the use of
buttressing piers and arches.
Soaring, filigree, pointed spires
mark the silhouette of Gothic
churches.

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Renaissance
1400 CE

A return to the past style

of Roman and Early
Christian architecture
became the orders
readopted, and ground
plans and facades were
clearly articulated.
Simple, basic geometric
forms such as circle and
square, sphere, cube, and
cylinder were combined in
harmonious proportions.

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 Baroque
1600 CE

In architecture, its traits are

sweeping, curved forms used in
ground plans and facades, and
emphasis on symmetry, inclusion
of illumination in the design,
oval windows, exquisite
materials, and an abundance of
paintings, sculptures and décor.
The facades of Baroque buildings
are finely articulated,
monumental in effect, and
consciously aimed at conveying
magnificence and grandeur.

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Rococo 1740-
80 CE

Shells, flowers, tendrils

and roots became the basic
motifs of this decorative
style. By comparison with
the Baroque, Rococo was
more elegant, with
delicately decorated
interiors painted in lighter
colors. The construction
elements were flatter,
more slender and playful.

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 Neoclassical
1750

Their revival-hence
neoclassicism-is
characterized by an effect of
grandeur, produced by the
employment of simple
geometric forms and
rectilinear, lucid
proportions. The building
volumes are stringently
contoured, block like and
often arranged in
architectural ensembles.

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19th Century
Historical
Revival

Style of European and

American Art from the end
of Neoclassicism to Art
Nouveau and beyond.
Also know as Historical,
the name indicates its
main feature, an imitation
of historical styles.

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Asian Architecture

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Indian

Hindu traditions are

rich in visual
symbols; the early
stone architecture of
India was elaborately
carved, more like
sculpture than
building

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 Chinese

Ancient Chinese architecture is

mainly timberwork. Wooden posts,
beams, lintels and joists make up
the framework of a house. Walls
serve as the separation of rooms
without bearing the weight of the
whole house, which is unique to
China. Colored glaze roofs,
windows with exquisite applique
design and beautiful flower
patterns on wooden pillars reflect
the high-level of the craftsmen's
handicraft and their rich
imagination.
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Japanese

has traditionally been

typified by wooden
structures, elevated
slightly off the ground,
with tiled or thatched
roofs. Sliding doors
(fusuma) were used in
place of walls, allowing
the internal configuration
of a space to be
customized for different
occasions.

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Philippines

is a reflection of the
country's historical and
cultural heritage. Most
prominent historic
structures in the
archipelago are based on a
mix of indigenous
Austronesian, Chinese,
American, and Spanish
influences.

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