Concepts

1) What is tool signature ? And what are the

different systems of specifying tool geometry?

In simple words The numerical code that

describes all the key angles of a given cutting
tool is called tool signature
Convenient way to specify tool angles by
use of standardized abbreviated system is
known as tool signature or tool
nomenclature. The tool signature comprises
of seven elements and is specified in
different systems .
There are several systems available, some of the
important systems are:
American standard system (ASA)
Orthogonal rake system (ORS)
Maximum rake system (MRS)
Normal rake system (NRS) and
The system most commonly used is American
standard system(ASA)
American standard system
Orthogonal rake system(ors)
Normal rake system (nrs)
Tool bit geometry
Assumptions in calculating the cutting forces: -