Chapter 1

SETS
Chapter Contents

Ways to express sets

Union, Intersection and difference of sets
Universal set and complement of sets
Venn diagram
Date: 10-08-2021
Set:
Set is a collection of “well defined” and “distinct”
objects.
Example:
A = set of alphabets
B= {3,4,5}
N = {1,2,3,4,5, …………….}
 Ways to express sets:
Sets are expressed in the following three forms.
(i) Descriptive form
(ii) Tabular form
(iii)Set- builder form
 Descriptive form:
In descriptive form of sets, we describe the
characteristics of members of sets in any language.
Examples:
1. D= {a, e, i, o, u}
D= The set of vowels
2. A= { 3, 6, 9,12}
A= Set of first four multiples of three
 Tabular form:

In tabular form of sets, we describe the

characteristics of members of sets within the curly brackets and
separate them by comma.
Examples:

1. Set of first five natural numbers

Tabular form: C = {1,2, 3, 4, 5}
2. Set of all natural numbers
Tabular form: N = {1,2,3,4, ……….}
 Home Work
Do Ex 1.1 Q1 part(1-4), Q2 parts(1-4)
Set-builder form:
In set-builder form of sets, the set is represented
by describing the common characteristics of all members using
symbols.
Symbols to remember:
Example: / such that
A is a set of first ten natural numbers. ∈ belongs to
≥ greater than or equal
A= Set of the first ten natural numbers to
A = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10} ≤ less than or equal to
Л and
A= { x/x ∈ N Л x ≤ 10} ∨ or
= is equal to
≠ not equal to
 Exercise 1.1
Pg: 05
 Q3. Write the following sets in the set builder form.
 1. A = { 1,2,3,4,5,6, …, 10}
A = { x/x  N л 1 ≤ x ≤ 10}
 2. B = { -2, -1, 0, +1, +2 , +3, +4, +5}
B = { x/x  Z л -2 ≤ x ≤ 5}
 3. C = { Ravi, Chenab, Indus, Jhelum, Sutlej}
C = { x/x is the set of rivers in Pakistan}
 4. E = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, …….. , 20}
E = { x/x  E л 2 ≤ x ≤ 20}
 Exercise 1.1
Pg: 05
 Q4. Write the following sets in the tabular form.
 1. A = { x/x  N л x ≤ 5}
A = { 1,2,3,4,5}
 2. B = { y/y  E л 4 ≤ y ≤ 20}
B = { 4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20}
 3. C = { a/a  Z л -3 ≤ a ≤ 3}
C = { -3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3}
 4. E = { z/z  W л z < 5}
E = {0,1,2,3,4}
 Home work
Do Q1 (1-4), Q2 (1-4) of Exercise 1.1