Innate Imunity

Rachmad Bayu Kuncara, SST., M.Imun

Program Studi
D IV Teknologi Laboratorium Medis
Jurusan Analis Kesehatan
Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang
 Topik Bahasan

Bagaimana sistem imun alami/innate mengenali mikroba dan kerusakan sel ?

Bagaimana komponen imunitas alami yang berbeda berfungsi untuk melawan jenis
mikroba?

Bagaimana reaksi imun alami menstimulasi respon imunitas adaptif?

 Immune
System

Adaptive
Innate
(Specific)
(Non-specific)
2nd of defence
1st of defence
Protects/re-
exposure

Cellular Humoral Cellular Humoral

Components Components Components Components

Innate Imunity adalah mekanisme pertahanan tubuh yang terlibat pertama selalu ada pada organisme dan sel mati.

(Gene Mayer, Ph.D, 2011)

Specificity
 Reaksi Utama

Leukosit dan
Inflamasi protein plasma

Imunitas Alami

Sel NK dan Inferferon

Antivirus Tipe I (α dan β)
 Innate Imunity

Memberikan respon yang sama Mengenali struktur yang sama pada

terhadap pertemuan kembali dengan berbagai kelas mikroba dan tidak
mikroba / tidak ada memori ada pada sel inang
PAMPs, DAMPs dan PRRs
Pattern recognition receptor (PRRs)

Rossana Zaru (British Society for Immunology)

INFLAMASOM
 Cellular Component Humoral Component
Innate Immune System Innate Immune System

Komplemen
 Three levels of Infectious agents
defense
penetrate

Physical barriers 1st level of defense

Innate immune responses are Skin and mucosal surfaces
immediate and relatively broad acting
Innate immune engage
system
Adaptive immune responses are 2nd Innate immune system
delayed but highly specific
Cell and soluble factors
Adaptive
Immune system Responsible for triggering
Innate and adaptive immune responses activation of
are interdependent
3rd Adaptive
immune system

reinforce

(Roitt, 2017)
 Innate
Immune Adaptive
System Immune
mechanical System

Microbes does not require

previous exposure "remembers" how Microbes
to the invading to deal with a
biologic microbe microbe that it has
dealt with before

chemical

(Thao Doan, Roger Melvold, Susan Viselli,

Carl Waltenbaugh, 2013)
 Barrier Defenses

Site Specific defense Protective aspect

Keratinized cells of surface,
Skin Epidermal surface
Langerhans cells

Skin (sweat/secretions) Sweat glands, sebaceous glands Low pH, washing action

Oral cavity Salivary glands Lysozyme

Stomach Gastrointestinal tract Low pH

Mucosal surfaces Mucosal epithelium Nonkeratinized epithelial cells

Normal flora (nonpathogenic Prevent pathogens from growing

Mucosal tissues
bacteria) on mucosal surfaces

●Saliva: rich in lysozyme, an enzyme that destroys bacteria by digesting their cell walls.
●The acidic environment of the stomach, which is fatal to many pathogens, is also a barrier.
●The mucus layer of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, reproductive tract, eyes, ears, and
nose traps both microbes and debris, and facilitates their removal.
●In the case of the upper respiratory tract, ciliated epithelial cells move potentially contaminated
mucus upwards to the mouth, where it is then swallowed into the digestive tract, ending up in
the harsh acidic environment of the stomach
(Yoes Prijatna Dachlan, (Anatomy and Physiology II)
2019) https://courses.lumenlearning.com/ap2/chapter/barrier-defenses-and-the-innate-
immune-response
 - Keratin dan muskus
- Anti mikrobial peptide (Defensin dan
Sel Epitel Ketelisidin)
- Limfosit T Intraepitelial

PMN Fagositosis

Sel-sel penjaga Makrofag Fagositosis, APC

(Sentinel)
Dendritik, APC

Sistem
Mast Histamin, proteolitik, prostaglandin, TNF
Imunitas Alami
Sel Limfoid
Produksi sitokin, mirip limfosit T tapi tidak
Alami / ILCs
punya TCR
Sel Natural Killer
Membunuh sel yang terinfeksi (intraseluler) dan
(NK)
stres, IFN-γ
Alternatif Mikroba
Protein Plasma Kompleme Klasik Antibodi MAC
n
Lektin Lektin
Sel Epitel
MAKROFAG
Fungsi Sel NK
 Fagositosis dan Eliminasi mikroba
Fagolisosom

Makrofag
Lisozim
Lisosom NO dan
ROS
Fagosom

Patogen

Fagositosis

Pembentukan Pembentukan Eliminasi patogen

Fagosom Fagolisosom