DIFFERENT STEPS IN

RESEARCH METHOD
Amna Babar
BSS5 DS
“The systematic investigation into
and study of materials and sources
in order to establish facts and
reach new conclusions.”

“The process through which we

search for convincing
explanations of the phenomena in
the world around us.”
“Research is a process
to discover new
knowledge.”
 Why do we conduct research?

TO GATHER TO MAKE IMPROVED FOR A SAFER TO KNOW THE

NECESSARY CHANGES STANDARD OF LIFE TRUTH
INFORMATION LIVING

EXPLORE OUR
HISTORY
RESEARC
H
PROCESS
Identify your Literature Research
topic review Design

Data Data
Data Analysis
Collection Interpretation

Research
Report
Identify research
topic
■ Select a thematic area.
■ Identify a problem.
■ Literature review-
identify gaps (check if
same problem has been
addressed before)
■ Formulate research aim,
objectives & research
questions or develop
hypotheses.
Literature Review

■ Review the literature related to the research problem.

■ Provides foundational knowledge about the problem
area.
■ Educates the researcher about what studies have been
conducted in the past, how these studies were
conducted, and the conclusions in the problem area.
 Research Design
■ Road map for the entire study.
■ Specifies who will participate in the study;
how, when, and where data will be collected.
■ The preparation of the research design
involves the following:
i. the means of obtaining the information;
ii. the availability and skills of the researcher
and his staff (if any);
iii. explanation of the way in which selected
means of obtaining information will be
organized and the reasoning leading to the
selection;
iv. the time available for research; and
v. the cost factor relating to research, i.e., the
finance available for the purpose.
Data Collection

■ Actual study begins with the collection of data.

■ Data can be collected through:
i. Surveys/questionnaires
ii. Participant observation
iii. Interviews/FDGs
iv. From Literature
Data Analysis

■ Analysis of data plays an important role in the achievement of research aim and
objectives.
■ Establishment of categories, the application of these categories to raw data through
coding, tabulation and then drawing statistical inferences.
■ Researcher classifies the raw data into some purposeful and usable categories.
■ Coding operation is usually done at this stage through which the categories of data are
transformed into symbols that may be tabulated and counted.
Data Interpretation
& Conclusion
■ Process of interpretation
brings forth new questions
which in turn may lead to
further researches.
■ Conclusions relate to the
level of achievement of
research aims and
objectives.
■ Conclusions also need to
cover research limitations
and suggestions for future
research.
Research Report

■ Presenting the entire study in form of a research report.

■ Researcher has to prepare the report of what has been done by him/her.
■ The layout of the report should be as follows:
i. the preliminary pages;
ii. the main text, and
iii. the end matter.
■ Report should be written in a concise and objective style.
THANK YOU