MAGNETIC LEVIATION

TRANSPORTATION
Presented by
Subrat Bhuyan
Regd no 0801214286
 CONTENTS
• 1. Introduction
2. Magnetic levitation
3. Levitation principle
4. Lateral guidance
5. Maglev track
6. EDS-EMS
7. Linear electric motor
8. LIM in levitation
9. Characteristics of LIM
10. Benefits
11. Current projects
12. Conclusion
 INTRODUCTION

• Maglev, or magnetic levitation, is a system of

transportation that suspends, guides and propels
vehicles, predominantly trains, using magnetic levitation.
Trends in increased mobility of large masses with
changing lifestyle for more comfort are leading to
congestion on roads with automobiles.
Besides, increasing pollution levels from automobiles,
depleting fuel resources, critical dependence on the fuel
import .
The highest recorded speed of a Maglev train is 581
kilometers per hour (361 mph), achieved in Japan.
Development of magnetic levitated transport systems is
under progress in developed countries.
 MAGNETIC LEVITATION

• The need for fast and reliable transportation is increasing

throughout the world. High-speed rail has been the solution for
many countries. Trains are fast, comfortable, and energy-efficient.
Maglev research and development began in Germany and Japan
during the early 1970's. After laboratory tests in both countries, a
test track was constructed in Japan during the mid-1970's and in
Germany during the mid-1980's
Maglev tech is a relatively new transportation tech in which non
contacting vehicles travel safely at speeds of 250 to 300mph or
higher.
The forces acting on an object in any combination of gravitational,
electrostatic, and magneto static fields will make the object's
position unstable.
It is possible to levitate superconductors and other diamagnetic
materials, which magnetize in the opposite sense to a magnetic field
in which they are placed.
As Superconductors are perfect diamagnets and when placed in an
external magnetic field expel the field lines from their interiors
 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
• Imagine that two bar magnets are suspended one above
the other with like poles directly above and below each
other. Any effort to bring these two magnets into contact
with each other will have to overcome the force of
repulsion that exists between two like magnetic poles.
Lateral Guidance
The magnetized coil running along the track, called a
guideway, repels the large magnets on the train's
undercarriage, allowing the train to levitate between 0.39
and 3.93 inches (1 to 10 cm) above the guideway.
power is supplied to the coils within the guideway walls
to create a unique system of magnetic fields that pull and
push the train along the guideway.
 LEVITATION

• Levitation is the process by which an

object is suspended against gravity in a
stable position.
First thing a maglev system must do is get
off the ground, and then stay suspended
off the ground.
 SUSPENSION MECHANISM
• Electromagnetic Suspension
In the EMS-attractive system, the electromagnets which do the work
of levitation are attached on the top side of a casing that extends
below and then curves back up to the rail that is in the center of the
track.
The gap between the bottom of the vehicle and the rail is only 3/8"

Electrodynamic Suspension
In the EDS-repulsive system, the superconducting magnets (SCMs),
which do the levitating of the vehicle, are at the bottom of the
vehicle, but above the track.
The magnetic field of the superconducting magnets aboard the
maglev vehicle induces an eddy current in the guideway
 PROPULSION MECHANISM
• Linear Induction Motor
A linear electric motor (LEM) is a mechanism which converts electrical energy directly
into linear motion without employing any intervening rotary components.
Linear Induction Motor (LIM) is basically a rotating squirrel cage induction motor
opened out flat. Instead of producing rotary torque from a cylindrical machine it
produces linear force from a flat one.

Linear Synchronous Motor

LSM generate propulsive force by running current through a stator, which creates an
electro-magnetic field.
This electro-magnetic field interacts with a set of permanent magnets on a vehicle to
create thrust.
The permanent magnets serve as the motor secondary, equivalent to a rotor in
conventional motors enabling linear motion.
The vehicle is propelled by the moving electro-magnetic field, traveling along as
electric current is applied to the stator beneath the vehicle.
The vehicle movement is regulated by a sophisticated control system incorporating
state-of-the-art position sensing technology.
 Characteristics of LIM

• In most vehicular propulsion systems,

provision must be made for increasing the
power when the demand increases.
Whenever more power is needed, the
moving magnet begins to lag further
behind the stationary one; this results in
an immediate increase in thrust. No
separate control is needed
 Benefits of Magnetic Levitated
Transportation system
 Maglev uses 30% less energy than a high-speed train traveling at
the same speed.

 Operating costs of a maglev system are approximately half that of

conventional long-distance railroads.

 Maglev is about 20 times safer than airplanes, 250 times safer than
conventional railroads, and 700 times safer than automobile travel.

 Despite the speeds up to 500 km/hour, passengers can move about

freely in the vehicles

 Materials used to construct maglev vehicles are non-combustible,

poor transmitters of heat, and able to withstand fire penetration.

 Carries no fuel to increase fire hazard

 Limitations

 Initial cost of erection is high

 Although no contact is present still some

sound is produced due to air friction
 CONCLUSION
•
Research on this maglev trains has been going
on for the last 30 years in various parts of the
world. The chief advantages of this type of train
are: Non-contact and non-wearing propulsion,
independent of friction, no mechanical
components like wheel, axle. Maintenance costs
decrease. Low noise emission and vibrations at
all speeds.
THANK YOU