SEMINAR REPORT

ON

“LIGHTNING ARRESTER”
BY

AANSHU PRIYADARSHANI
0801214110
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
7TH SEMESTER
 CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION

2. WORKING

3. SELECTION OF ARRESTER

4. TYPES OF ARRESTER

5. ARRESTER CAPABILITY AND STRUCTURE

6. ARRESTER FAILURE

7. METAL OXIDE SURGE ARRESTER

8. CONSTRUCTION

9. CONCLUSION

10.REFERENCE
INTRODUCTION
As per NEC 2005, a surge arrester is
defined as “A protective device for limiting
surge voltages by discharging or
bypassing surge current, and it also
prevents the flow of follow while remaining
capable of repeating these functions.”

•Electrical device.
•Protects systems against lightning.
•Also known as Surge Arrester.
•High voltage terminal and a ground
terminal.
•Conducts the lightning to the ground.
WORKING •Intercepting flashes of lightning.

•Transmitting their current to ground.

•Lightning strikes the tallest structures

i.e. Lightning Arrester(rod).

•It is connected to the ground with low

resistance cable.

•Gives protection against travelling

waves.

•Conducts high voltages surges to

ground.
 Selections of surge arrester
There are some basic considerations when selecting the appropriate
surge arrester for a particular application:

•Continuous system voltage.

•Temporary overvoltage.

•Switching surges.

•Lightning surges.

•System configuration(grounded or ungrounded)

 TYPES OF LIGHTNING ARRESTERS
Basically there are 5 types of lightning arrester. The difference is only in
constructional details but they operate on the same principle:

1. Rod Arrester

2. Horn Gap Arrester

3. Multigap Arrester

4. Expulsion Arrester

5. Valve Arrester
 Some arresters are discussed below:

1.Rod Arrester

•Placed at the highest position.

•Forms a rooftop network.

•Made up of copper or aluminum.

•Individually called as Finials, Air Terminals

or Strike Termination Devices..
2. Horn Gap Arrester

•Horn shaped metal rods.

•Horn distance increases to the

top.

•Horn mounted on porcelain

insulators.

•One horn connected to line and

other grounded.
Surge Arrester Capability & Structure

•Basically
composed of TNR
elements, housing
and gas filling.

•Hemetic sealing
with weather proof
synthetic rubber.
•Capability in energy dissipation against switching
surges. •Pressure relief
diaghargm with
•Expressed by kJ/kV (arrester rated voltage). metal plate.

•Its shows total energy per two shots of switching

surges.
 ARRESTER FAILURE AND PRESSURE RELIEF

• If capability of the arrester is exceeded, arrester may crack.

• In case of complete failure of an arrester, arc develops and pressure is
built.
• Pressure will be safely vented to the outside.
• Once vented, it looses its fault current capability and can be replaced
immediately.
 METAL OXIDE GAPLESS SURGE ARRESTER

•3 types of brass polymer housed metal oxide polymer

available.
•Used on overhead lines to improve protection
margins.
•The PDV-100 (metal oxide surge arresters) have
excellent energy absorbing capability.
•PVR type arresters durability of an intermediate class
arrester. Protective characteristics better than PDV.
•MOV’s improve temporary over voltage capability,
surge duty capability, contamination performance and
protective characteristics.
 CONSTRUCTION
1. Series of metal oxide elements.

2. The silicon rubber bumpers employed with

the stack plates.

3. Study springs at the end of each unit

ensure good electrical contact.

4. Neoprene rubber gaskets.

5. Hollow porcelain housing.

6. Neoprene rubber O rings and alluminium

cups are used. 12
 CONCLUSION

Surge arresters could practically eliminate lightning flashovers on

distribution lines, if they are properly deployed in large enough
numbers.

They conduct the high voltage surges to the ground without getting
affected to the system.

The lightning arrestor provides a cone of protection which has a

ground radius approximately equal to its height above the ground.
 REFERENCES

•NFPA 70/National Electrical Code2005.

•ANSI/IEEE C62.1, standard for Gapped Silicone-Carbide Surge Arrester
for AC Power Circuits.
•ANSI/IEEE C62.11, Standard for Metal Oxide Surge Arrester for
Alternating Current System.
•NIST. "Coordination of cascaded surge-protective devices”. Surge
Protection in Low-Voltage AC Power Circuits: An 8-part Anthology.
•IEEE Power & Energy Society Surge Protective Device Committee.
"Terms Glossary: Clamping Voltage".
•Brickwall - How our surge protectors work.
•Diverting Surges to Ground: Expectations versus Reality