Seminar presentation on

expert system

Submitted By..
Deependra Singh Shekhawat
 Overview of Artificial
Intelligence
 Artificial intelligence (AI)
• Computers with the
ability to mimic or
duplicate the functions of
the human brain

 Artificial intelligence systems

• The people, procedures,
hardware, software, data,
and knowledge needed to
develop computer
systems and machines
that demonstrate the
characteristics of
intelligence
 Major Branches of AI
• Perceptive system
 A system that approximates the way a human

sees, hears, and feels objects

• Vision system
 Capture, store, and manipulate visual images

and pictures
• Robotics
 Mechanical and computer devices that

perform tedious tasks with high precision

• Expert system
 Stores knowledge and makes inferences

Contd..
Contd..

: Major Branches of AI
• Learning system
 Computer changes how it functions or

reacts to situations based on feedback

• Natural language processing
 Computers understand and react to

statements and commands made in a

“natural” language, such as English
• Neural network
 Computer system that can act like or

simulate the functioning of the human brain

Schematic
 Artificial
intelligence

Vision Learning
systems systems

Robotics
Expert systems

Neural networks
Natural language
processing
 Overview of Expert Systems
 Can…
• Explain their reasoning or suggested decisions
• Display intelligent behavior
• Draw conclusions from complex relationships
• Provide portable knowledge

 Expert system shell

• A collection of software packages and tools
used to develop expert systems
 Expert Systems
An expert system is a computer
program that is designed to
hold the accumulated
knowledge of one or more
domain experts
 Components of an Expert System
 The knowledge base is the collection of facts
and rules which describe all the knowledge
about the problem domain

 The inference engine is the part of the system

that chooses which facts and rules to apply
when trying to solve the user’s query

 The user interface is the part of the system

which takes in the user’s query in a readable
form and passes it to the inference engine. It
then displays the results to the user.
User Interface

Inference
Engine

Knowledge
Base
 Why use Expert Systems?
 Experts are not always
available. An expert system
can be used anywhere, any
time.

 Human experts are not

100% reliable or consistent

 Experts may not be good at

explaining decisions

 Cost effective
 Importance of Expert System
 In Decision Support

 In any Organization

 In a hypermedia
environment

 In industrial, medical,
scientific, and other fields.
Knowledge Acquisition Facility
• Knowledge acquisition facility
 Provides a convenient and efficient means
of capturing and storing all components of
the knowledge base

Knowledge
Knowledge acquisition
base facility

Joe Expert
 Expert
system

Knowledge engineer
Domain expert Knowledge user
 Legal and Ethical Issues
 Who is responsible if
the advice is wrong?

• The user?
• The domain expert?
• The knowledge
engineer?
• The programmer of
the expert system
shell?
• The company
selling the
software?
Applications of Expert Systems
PUFF:
Medical system
for diagnosis of
respiratory conditions

PROSPECTOR:
Used by geologists
to identify sites for
drilling or mining
Applications of Expert Systems
MYCIN:
Medical system for
diagnosing blood disorders.
First used in 1979

DESIGN ADVISOR:
Gives advice to
designers of
processor chips
 Applications of Expert Systems
DENDRAL: Used to
identify the structure of
chemical compounds.
First used in 1965

LITHIAN: Gives advice

to archaeologists
examining stone tools
 Problems with Expert Systems
 Limited domain

 Systems are not always up to

date, and don’t learn

 No “common sense”

 Experts needed to setup and

maintain system