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7E. Rabies (Prof Dr. Mochammad Hatta PH.D, SP - MK (K)
7E. Rabies (Prof Dr. Mochammad Hatta PH.D, SP - MK (K)
The vaccines which are available for humans are present are inactivated whole
virus vaccines.
◦ Nervous Tissue Preparation e.g. Semple Vaccine - associated with the rare
complication of demyelinating allergic encephalitis.
◦ Duck Embryo Vaccine - this vaccine strain is grown in embryonated duck
eggs This vaccine has a lower risk of allergic encephalitis but is considerably
less immunogenic.
◦ Human Diploid Cell Vaccine (HDCV) - this is currently the best vaccine
available with an efficacy rate of nearly 100% and rarely any severe
reactions. However it is very expensive.
◦ Other Cell culture Vaccines - because of the expense of HDCV, other cell
culture vaccines are being developed for developing countries. However
recent data suggests that a much reduced dose of HDCV given intradermally
may be just be effective.
Control of Rabies
Urban - canine rabies accounts for more than 99% of all human
rabies. Control measures against canine rabies include;
◦ stray dog control.
◦ Vaccination of dogs
◦ quarantine of imported animals
Wildlife - this is much more difficult to control than canine
rabies. However, there are on-going trials in Europe where bait
containing rabies vaccine is given to foxes. Success had been
reported in Switzerland.