THE TEACHER AND

THE COMMUNITY,
SCHOOL CULTURE
AND ORGANIZATION
TCOM 111
By: MJSM
WHAT IS A SOCIAL
INSTITUTION?
Social Institutions
■ These are social structures and mechanisms of social
order and cooperation that govern the behaviour of its
members.
■ Is a group of social positions, connected by social
relations, performing a social role .
 CHARACTERISTICS
AND FUNCTIONS OF
AN INSTITUTION
by Palispis, 1996
Characteristics of an Institution
■ 1. Institutions are purposive. Each of them has the
satisfaction of social needs as its own goal or objective
■ 2. They are relatively permanent in their content. The
pattern roles and relations that people enact in a particular
culture become traditional and enduring. Although institutions
are subject to change, the change is relatively slow.
■ 3. Institutions are structured. The components tend to band
together, and reinforce one another.
■ 4. Institutions are unified structure. They function as a unit.
■ 5. Institutions are necessarily value-laden. Their repeated
uniformities, patterns and trends become codes of conduct.
 5 MAJOR
INSTITUTIONS
Five Major Social Institutions
■ 1. The Family- the smallest social institution with the unique function of
producing and rearing the young.
■ 2. Education- the basic purpose is the transmission of knowledge. Schools
became necessary when cultural complexity created a need for specialized
knowledge and skill which could not be easily acquired in family, church and
community.
■ 3. Religion- any set of coherent answers to the dilemmas of human existence
that makes the world meaningful. It is also a system of beliefs and practices that
binds people together through shared worship, therefore creating a social group.
■ 4. Economic Institutions- refers to any institution that is a player in an
economy. This is a social science that involves itself in the study and analysis of
production, distribution and consumption of goods and services.
■ 5. Government- an institution entrusted with making and enforcing rules of
society as well as regulating relations with other societies.
ORGANIZATIONAL
CULTURE
The Crossroads of Organizational Behavior
Organizational Culture
What is an Organization’s culture?
■ A shared pattern of beliefs, assumptions and expectations held
by organization members.
■ Often called an organization’s personality
■ Informs us of what to believe, how to act and make decisions
■ Guides members in how to perceive the artifacts, environment,
norms, roles, values and physical cues
■ The strategy, leadership style and ways of accomplishing tasks
reflect organization culture
Organizational Culture
Characteristics of cultures

■ Collective, evolves over time (thin to thick)

■ Results from interaction by organizational members
■ Reflects what members agree about
■ Can create social order
■ Helps members construct proper attitudes and behaviors
■ Contributes to socialization of new members
■ Enhances member feeling of belonging and commitment.
SCHOOL’S MISSION
AND VISION
 What is the difference?
Mission Statements
 Communicates the
organization’s reason for
being, and how it aims to
serve its key stakeholders
 Often integrates a summation
of the firm’s values
 Mission statements tend to be
longer than vision statements
Vision Statements
 A future-oriented declaration
of the organization’s purpose
and aspirations.
 Addresses what a firm wants
to become
 Vision statements tend to be
relatively brief
  
ROLES PLAYED BY
MISSION AND VISION
 INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION
What is culture?
Culture
■ Culture is defined as the set of learned behaviours, beliefs,
attitudes, values and ideals that are characteristics of a
particular society or culture.(Ember, 1999)
■ the learned norms, values, knowledge, artefacts, language and
symbols that are constantly communicated among people who
share a common way of life. (Calhoun, et al.1994)
■ The set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual, and
emotional features of society or a social group that
encompasses lifestyles, ways of living together, value systems,
traditions and beliefs. (UNESCO, 2002)
Characteristics of Culture
■ 1. Culture is learned. A child born in the Philippines but was
brought to the United States after birth may not develop traits
characteristic of Filipinos.
■ 2. Culture is shared by group of people- an action or thought must
be commonly shared by some population or group of individuals.
■ 3. Culture is cumulative- knowledge is stored and passed on form
one generation to the next, and new learning is added to what is
existing.
■ 4. Cultures change- all cultural knowledge does not perpetually
accumulate. At the same time that new cultural traits are added,
some old ones are lost because they are no longer useful.
■ 5. Culture is dynamic- it is constantly changing because new ideas and
new techniques are added and old ways are modified and discarded.
■ 6. Culture is ideational- culture is an ideal pattern of behaviour which
the members are expected to follow. Man assigns meanings to his
environment and experiences by symbolizing them.
■ 7. Culture is diverse- the sum total of human culture consists of a great
many separate cultures, each of them different.
■ 8. Culture gives us a range of permissible behaviour patterns.- every
culture allows a range of ways in which men can be men and women can
be women. It tells us how different activities should be conducted—how
one should act as husband, wife, parent, child, etc.
 BEHAVIOURAL
COMPONENTS OF
CULTURE
■ 1.Norms- norms are rules and expectations by which a society
guides the behaviour of its members. They reflect the society’s
beliefs about correct and incorrect behaviours. (something that is
usual or typical)
■ Types of norms:
■ A. Mores- they are customary behavior patterns or folkways which
have taken on a moralistic value. E.g. respect for authority, marriage
and sex behaviour patterns, religious rituals etc.
■ B. Laws- are formalized norms, the most formal and important
norms. These are enacted by people who are vested with government
power.
■ C. Folkways- these are behaviour patterns which are organized
and repetitive. They are simply the way people do things, no
strong feeling of right or wrong. E.g. the way we eat, the way
we dress etc. (traditional behaviour or way of life)
■ D. Rituals- highly scripted ceremonies or strips of interaction
that follow a specific sequence of actions. E.g. graduation,
baptism, funerals, handshake, greetings, walking on the right
of sidewalk, etc.
HOW IS CULTURE
TRANSMITTED?
Culture is transmitted through:

■ 1. Enculturation- The process of learning culture of one’s

own group.
■ 2. Acculturation- the process of learning some new traits from
another culture.
Manifestations of culture
■ Rituals and ceremonies provide structure to our daily life and to the
routine of a school. Rituals occur routinely whereas ceremonies are
grander, less frequent events (graduation).
■ Heroes and heroines are those people whom we look up to as reflecting
the organization’s values – people who are examples of living those
values
■ Stories and tales are recollections of events that are told and retold and
play a powerful role in sharing examples of organizational values. Stories
often contain a moral and are inevitably engaging
■ Rewards and reinforcements reflect those things that are valued and
therefore rewarded. Is it creativity in the classroom or compliance with
established patterns? Is it waiving a rule so that a student may be
successful or adhering to a strict interpretation of policy?
What principals can do?
It can be helpful to assess your current culture

■ Rituals and Ceremonies:

■ Does your school have a set of rituals and routines that
communicate your values about student learning?
■ • Are there special events that demonstrate to your school’s
mission and vision?
■ Heroes and Heroines:
■ • How do you recognize and celebrate people who contribute
to the success of every student?
■ • What ways do you use to recognize students and teachers
who exemplify commitment to your school’s mission?
■ Stories and tales:
■  What stories do you tell about your school, about students and
staff?
■ • What do you say to share your commitment to your school’s
mission?
■ Rewards and reinforcements:
■ • Do you routinely reward students and teachers who do things
that support your school’s mission?
■ • How do you recognize and reward people for their work?
OLFU CED’S MISSION
AND VISION
STATEMENT
VISION

■ The College of Education envisions itself to be

one of the country’s leading teacher-training
institutions in developing globally competitive
teachers and committed and accountable
educators dedicated to the well-being of the
students and the community they serve.
MISSION

■ The College of Education commits itself in

producing high quality performance level of
teacher graduates who can teach across different
learning areas and shall take into account the
students and the community welfare towards a
humane, progressive and responsible citizenry
for the country and for the world.