Infectious

laryngotracheitis in
poultry
RAZOL RAZALAN
OVERVIEW OF THE REPORT

INTRODUCTION
ETIOLOGY
EPIDEMIOLOGY
TRANSMISSION
PATHOGENESIS
CLINICAL SIGNS
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
PREVENTION AND CONTROL
UPDATES
INTRODUCTION
ILTV

 Infectious laryngotrachetis is an acute viral

diseases , is highly contagious infection of chicken
and pheasant
 Result in severe production losses due to
mortality and decreased egg production
 Characterized by marked dyspnea coughing
gasping and expectoration of bloody exudate
ETIOLOGY
Etiology

 ILT is caused by a DNA virus belonging to the genus Iltovirus of the

family Herpesviridae.

 Causative agent  Gallid herpesvirus I.

ANIMAL AFFECTED

CHICKEN PHEASANT PEAFOWL

EPIDEMIOLOGY
EPIDEMIOLOGY

 Distributed worldwide
 May be present only in certain localities within a country or geographic region
 The greatest incidence in of disease generally seen in areas of highly
intensive poultry production
 Route of entry : upper respiratory and ocular
 Transmission occurs: acutely infected bird, Mechanical transmission
( contaminated equipment and litter )
Incubation period

 Clinicalsigns usually appear 6 to 12 days

after exposure to ILT virus
Morbidity & Mortality

 Morbidity (90-100%)

 Mortality (average 10-20%)

 Drop in egg production (10-20%)

Viral Latency

 Flocksinfected with ILT are assumed life-

long carriers of the virus and a source of
future infections for other flocks.
Survivability of agent

 The ILT virus is an enveloped virus, making it vulnerable to many common

commercial chemical disinfectants, including those with a lye, cresol,
hydrogen peroxide, halogen-detergent, or iodophor base.
 The virus may also be rapidly inactivated (48 hours or less) in the
environment under direct exposure to sunlight and/or high temperatures
(38°C/100.4°F).
 In dark, damp, cool conditions, the virus may persist in organic material for as
long as 100 days
TRANSMISSION
MODE OF TRANSMISSION

 Natural transmission of ILTV is through the upper respiratory and ocular routes.

 The virus is spread by direct contact with infected birds or through contact with
contaminated dead birds, bird tissue, equipment, housing, humans or other
animals.

 Older carrier birds are a common source of infection. Aerosol, fomites, ingestion
of contaminated litter are also common means for viral spread.
Pathogenesis
Clinical signs
Sub-acute form

 Nasal ocular discharges

 Tracheitis
 Conjuctivitis
 Mild rales
Acute form

 Nasal discharges
 Moist railes
 Gasping
 Dyspnea
 Expextoration of blood stained mucous
Mild enzootic form

 Decrease egg production

 Watery eyes ,conjunctivitis
 Mild tracheitis
Post mortem lesion
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis

 Newcastle disease
 Infectious bronchitis
 Avian influenza
Treatment

 No effective treatment for laryngotracheitis exists at this time

Prevention and control