DESIGN OF A MULTI-

STOREYED BUILDING

Under the guidance of:

Prof. D.V. Prasada Rao
 1. Aim of the project

2. Why multi-storeyed building?

3. Stages in design

4. Softwares used

5. Standard dimensions of various rooms

Contents 6. Floor plan

7. Layout of columns

8. Layout of beams

9. Description of RCC structural elements

10. Specifications of the building

 11. ETABS software

12. Load calculations

13. Modelling of the structure

Contents 14. Analysis of the structure

15. Design of structural components

16. Conclusion

17. Reference
 OBJECTIVES OF THE
PROJECT

Structural elements Structural arrangement

To get a clear view of various structural elements that To identify the structural arrangement of the plan.
constitute a multi-storeyed building.

Analysis & Design Structural softwares

To carry out a complete analysis and design of the main To get familiar with structural softwares.
structural elements of a multi-storeyed building.
 WHY MULTI-STOREYED
BUILDING

High population
1 Cost effective
4 density

Designing Natural light and

2 freedom 5 ventilation

3 Speed of construction 6 Freedom of street

noises
 STAGES IN DESIGN

Layout of beams and Modelling of structural Final design of structural

columns frames elements

Preliminary design of Analysis of

Floor Plan structural elements structural frames
 SOFTWARES USED

Age Age
Auto CAD ETABS

It has highly efficient structure

It allows you to draw and edit analysis and design programs
digital 2D and 3D designs more developed for catering to multi-
quickly and easily. storey building systems.

It is a computer-aided design It is a product of Computers and

software developed by the Structures Inc.
company Autodesk

We have used this software in We have used this software in

creating floor plans, layout of modelling and analysis of the
columns and beams. structure
 STANDARD DIMENSIONS OF
VARIOUS ROOMS

Living room Bedroom

4200mm X 4800 mm (14ft X 16ft) to
3000mm X 3600mm (10ft X 12ft) to
5400mm X 7200mm (18ft X 24ft).
4200mm X 4800mm (14ft X 16ft).

Kitchen Dining room

2500mm X 3050mm (8ft X 10ft) to
3000mm X 4000mm (10ft X 13ft).
3000mm X 3600mm (10ft X 12ft).

Puja room Bathroom

900mm X 1600mm (3ft X 5ft).. 1200mm X 2100mm (4ft X 7 ft).
FLOOR PLAN

All dimensions are in m.

LAYOUT OF COLUMNS
LAYOUT OF BEAMS
 DESCRIPTION OF RCC STRUCTURAL
ELMENTS
1. Slab:
Slabs are plane structural members whose thickness is quite small as compared to its other dimensions. A slab may be supported by beams
or walls and may be used as the flange of a T-beam or L-beam. Slabs are more frequently used as roof covering and floors in various
shapes such as square, rectangular, circular and triangular in buildings, tanks etc.

2. Beam:
A beam is a horizontal member spanning an opening and carrying a load that may be a brick or stone wall above the opening. It transfers
the load coming on to it from the slab to the column. It is not a pure bending member. So, we perform the shear check also.

3. Column:
A column may be defined as an element used primarily to support axial compressive loads and with a height of at least three times its
least lateral dimension. All columns are subjected to some moment which may be due to accidental eccentricity or due to end restraint
imposed by monolithically placed beams or slabs.
 SPECIFICATIONS OF THE
BUILDING
Storey height 3.5m

Bottom story height 4.2m

Concrete grade M30

Steel for rebar Fe415

Beam size 300mm X 400mm

Column size 400mm X 400mm

Slab thickness 150mm

 SPECIFICATIONS OF THE BUILDING

Wall thickness 230mm

Internal wall thickness 115mm

Parapet wall height 1.2m

Unit weight of brick masonry 20

Unit weight of cement concrete 25

 ETABS

ETABS is an engineering software product that caters to multi-story building analysis and design.
Modeling tools and templates, code-based load prescriptions, analysis methods and solution techniques,
all coordinate with the grid-like geometry unique to this class of structure.
 ADVANTAGES OF ETABS

ETABS provides users for Graphic input and

1 adjustment for the sake of smooth and quick model
creation for any type of structure.
Building your model and editing has been easy
4 through a 3D view with a different type of
zoom option.

2 Creation of a 3D model including the utilization of

plan views and elevations, 3D model of any kind of
complicated structure can be created efficiently.
Graphical insertion of the sectional dimension
5 of any kind of shape and material through
section designer.

3 The creation of an object is very responsive for any

sort of object like a beam, column, slab, wall, etc.
 LOAD CALCULATIONS

FLOOR LOAD

• Dead load

Self weight of slab 0.15 * 25 = 3.75

Floor finish 1.5

Total Dead load 5.25

• Live load 2
 LOAD CALCULATIONS

ROOF LOAD

• Dead load

Self weight of slab 0.15 * 25 = 3.75

Floor finish 1.5

Total Dead load 5.25

• Live load 1.5

 LOAD CALCULATIONS

WALL LOAD ON BEAMS

External wall load 20 * 3.5 *0.23 = 16.1

Internal wall load 20 * 3.5 *0.115 = 8.05

Parapet wall load 20 * 1.2 * 0.23 = 5.52

 ETABS WORKFLOW

New Model Model check Analysis

Creation

Defining Materials Load Assignments Results

Assigning
Defining Structural Structural Design Check
Elements Elements
GRID
 LIVE LOADS

LIVE LOADS ON LIVE LOADS ON FLOOR

ROOF
 FRAME LOADS

SECTION 5 - 5 SECTION 6 - 6
PARAPET LOADS
WALL LOAD ON BEAMS
ANALYSIS
SUPPORT REACTIONS
RESULTANT DISPLACEMENT IN 3-D VIEW
DISPLACEMENTS IN JOINTS
 SFD AND BMD OF SFD AND BMD OF
BEAM 47 AT STOREY 6 BEAM 40 AT GROUND
FLOOR
COLUMNS – SFD AND BMD
SFD AND BMD OF SECTION 3 -3
 DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL
COMPONENTS

1 SLABS

4 FOOTINGS

2 BEAMS

5 STAIRCASE

3 COLUMNS
 DESIGN OF SLABS

Assume M30 grade Concrete and Fe-415

  Steel
Provide D = 150 mm
d = 125 mm
(1) Roof-Slab design for one-way slab: -
• Step-1: Effective span: lx =1.925 m
 ly =4.925 m
• Step-2: Loads: Factored load,wu=1.5×(D.L+L.L)
=10.125 kN/m²
• Step-3: Factored BM & SF: Mu=4.7 kN-m
 Vu = = 9.7 kN
 
•  Step-4: Minimum depth required:  
The minimum depth required to resist BM,
Mu= 0.138.fck.b. d²
d= 34 mm (<125 mm)
Hence OK.
• Step-5: Tension reinforcement:
Mu=0.87. fy.Ast.d. (1-
Ast=105.369mm²
Minimum reinforcement ,Ast,min=0.12% bD=180 mm²
Adopt Ast=180 mm²
Using 8 mm diameter bars,  
Spacing , S=
=190 mm
Maximum spacing is (¡) 3d=3125=375 mm
(¡¡) 300 mm, whichever is less
Hence, provide 8 mm bars @ 190 mm c/c
Bend alternate bars at 0.1l from the face of the support.
• Step-6: Distribution reinforcement:
Ast = 0.12% bD
=180 mm²

 
  
Using 8 mm bars, spacing= =250 mm
Maximum spacing is (¡) 5d=5125=625 mm
(¡¡) 450 mm, whichever is less
Hence provide 8 mm bars @ 250 mm c/c
• Step-7: Check for deflection:
Max. Permitted ratio = 40
Provided= =15.4 (< 40)
Hence, deflection control is safe.
 
(2) Floor-slab design for one-way slab: - 
Tension reinforcement
provide 8 mm bars @ 250 mm c/c
Distribution reinforcement
provide 8 mm bars @ 250 mm c/c
Check for deflection
Max. Permitted ratio = 202 =40
Provided= =15.4 (< 40)
Hence, deflection control is safe.
 
(1) Roof-Slab design for two-way slab: -
Step-1: Effective span:
lx = 3.925 m
ly = 5.825 m
Step-2: Loads:
Factored load =1.5=10.125 kN/m²
Step-3: Design moments & shear forces:
αx (-ve) = 0.0742
αx (+ve) = 0.0554
αy (-ve) = 0.047
αy (+ve) = 0.035
Mux (-ve) = αx (-ve).wu.lx²  
=11.57 kN-m
Mux (+ve) = αx (+ve).wu.lx²
=8.64 kN-m
Muy (-ve) = αy (-ve).wu.lx²
=7.33 kN-m
Muy (+ve) = αy (+ve).wu.lx²
=5.459 kN-m
Vu = = 19.87 kN
Step-4: Minimum depth required:
Minimum depth required to resist B.M.,
Mu=0.138.fck.bd²
d = 52.86 mm (<125 mm)
Hence OK.
Step-5: Reinforcement:
Along short span(-ve) @ support: -
Ast=264.08 mm² (required)
provide 8 mm bars @ 190 mm c/c
Along shorter span (+ve) @ mid-span: -
Ast= 195.7 mm² (required)
provide 8 mm bars @ 190 mm c/c
 
Along y-direction (-ve BM): -
Adopt Ast=180 mm² (minimum)
provide 8 mm bars @ 250 mm c/c
 
Along y-direction (+ve BM): -
Ast=180 mm² (minimum)
provide 8 mm bars @ 250 mm c/c
 
 
 Step-6: Torsional Reinforcement in corner:
Distance over which torsion reinforcement is to be provided = short span
==785 mm
At the corner where both edges is discontinuous
Area of reinforcement in each layer,
At = Astx
=146.775 mm²
Hence, provide 6 mm bars @ 190 mm c/c on both ways at top and bottom
At the corner where one edge is discontinuous & one edge discontinuous
Area of reinforcement in each layer,
At=0.375 Astx
=73.4 mm²
Hence, provide 6 mm bars @ 190 mm c/c on both ways at top and bottom
Step-7: Check for deflection:
 
Max. Permitted =20×2=40
Provided= =31.4 (<40)
Hence, deflection control is safe.
 
(2) Floor-Slab design for two-way slab: -
Along short span(-ve) @ support: -
provide 8 mm bars @ 190 mm c/c
Along shorter span (+ve) @ mid-span: -
provide 8 mm bars @ 190 mm c/c
Along y-direction (-ve BM): -
provide 8 mm bars @ 250 mm c/c
Along y-direction (+ve BM): -
provide 8 mm bars @ 250 mm c/c
Torsional Reinforcement in corner:  
• provide 6 mm bars @ 190 mm c/c on both ways at top and bottom @
corners where both edges is discontinuous over 785mm × 785 mm
• provide 6 mm bars @ 190 mm c/c on both ways at top and bottom @
corners where one edge is discontinuous & one edge is continuous over
785mm × 785mm.
check for deflection:
Max. Permitted =20×1.81=36.2
Provided= =31.4 (<36.2)
Hence, deflection control is safe.
 
 SLAB REINFORCEMENT DETAILING
Along short span(-ve) @ support: -
provide 8 mm bars @ 190 mm c/c
Along shorter span (+ve) @ mid-span: -
provide 8 mm bars @ 190 mm c/c
Along y-direction (-ve BM): -
provide 8 mm bars @ 250 mm c/c
Along y-direction (+ve BM): -
provide 8 mm bars @ 250 mm c/c
Torsional Reinforcement
provide 6 mm bars @ 190 mm c/c on both ways at top and
bottom @ corners where both edges is discontinuous over
785 mm × 785 mm
• provide 6 mm bars @ 190 mm c/c on both ways at top
and bottom @ corners where one edge is discontinuous &
one edge is continuous over 785 mm × 785 mm.
 DESIGN OF BEAMS

d 260mm, D 300mm, b 400mm

Effective span l clear span + 3.97 m
Loads: -
Factored imposed load, fixed 47.28 kN/m
Factored imposed load, not fixed 3 kN/m
Bending Moments & Shear Forces: -  
Support Moments (Negative): -
At support next to the end support
Mu,max (-ve) + 79.77 kN-m
At other interior supports
Mu (-ve) + 67.35 kN-m
 Span Moments (Positive): -
At the middle of interior span
Mu (+ve) + 50.5 kN-m
Shear force at interior support: -
Vu 0.5Wd l + 0.6Wl l 101 kN
Minimum Depth Required: -  
drequired 219.4 mm dprovided
Reinforcement : -
At support next to the end support
Mu 0.87 fy Ast d (1- )
Ast 976.6 mm 2

Provide 5 bars of 16mm diameter bars,

At the mid of interior span
Ast 583.19 mm2
Provide 2 bars of 16mm diameter bars,
Design of shear reinforcement: -  
Nominal shear stress v 0.97 N/mm²
Percentage of tension steel at support %Ast =0.97%

c 0.65 N/mm2
Since τc < τv , Shear reinforcement should be provided.
Vus Vu - cbd 33.4 kN
Using 8 mm ϕ - 2 legged stirrups, spacing , S v = = 280 mm
But Sv0.75d or 300 mm whichever is less
= 0.75260 = 195 mm
 Adopt 8 mm ϕ - 2 legged stirrups at 190 mm c/c.
 
 
 BEAM REINFORCEMENT DETAILING

At support next to the end support,Provide 5 bars of

16mm diameter bars
• At the mid of interior span, Provide 2 bars of 16mm
diameter bars
• Adopt 8 mm ϕ - 2 legged stirrups at 190 mm c/c.
 DESIGN OF COLUMNS

 Design of Column Subjected to Combined Axial Load and

Uniaxial Bending Moment (Using SP-16): -
Arrangement of reinforcement on four sides
 Size of Column 400mm 400mm
Factored load Pu 2660 kN
Factored Moment Mu 51.2 kN-m
Cover 40mm, d’ 40 + 10 50mm
L 3.5 m 3500 mm,
D 400 mm
8.75 12
Hence it can be designed as short column.
• Actual Eccentricity eactual 19.2 mm  
• Minimum Eccentricity emin =20.3 mm
• emin eactual
Eccentricity of emin is to be considered.
• In this Problem, 0.554
• 0.027
• 0.125
• From Chart 45, 0.05 ⇒ p 1.5%
•
• Ast 2400 mm2
Provide 8 No’s of 20mm diameter bars at 130 mm c/c spacing.
• Design of Lateral ties: -  
• Diameter of ties 5 mm
• Use 8mm diameter ties
• Provide Maximum Pitch whichever is minimum of the following
• a) Least lateral dimension 400mm
• b) 16 1620 320mm
• c) 300mm
• Hence provide 8mm lateral ties at 300mm c/c.
Design of Column Subjected to Combined
  Axial Load and Uniaxial
Bending Moment (Using SP-16): -
 Interaction formula:  
n n
1.0
Where , Mux, Muy Moments about x and y axes due to design
load
Mux1,Muy1 Maximum uniaxial moment capacity for an axial
load Pu,bending about x and y axes , . respectively and n is
related to Pu/Puz.
Factored load Pu 2660 kN
Factored Moment along x-direction Mux 67 kN-m
Factored Moment along y-direction Muy 55 kN-m
Assume effective cover d’ 60mm
Selecting Trial Reinforcement: -  
0.554
Uniaxial Mu trial 1.15 99.7 kN-m
0.0519
0.15
Referring to Chart 45 in SP-16, 0.08 ⇒ p 2.4%
Ast 3840 mm2
Provide 8 bars of 25mm diameter
Area Provided 3927 mm2
Actual p 2.45 %
0.08
To find Mux1: -  
0.08, 0.554, 0.15
From chart 45, 0.05⇒Mux1 =96 kN-m
To find Muy1: -
Muy1 96 kN-m
To find Puz: -
Puz 0.45fckAc 0.75fyAsc 3329.26 kN
To find n: -
0.8
n
Checking interaction formula: -
 
n n
 
2 2
0.815 1.0
Interaction formula is satisfied.
Design of lateral ties:  -
Diameter of ties 6.25mm
provide 8mm lateral ties at 300mm c/c.
To find Mux1: -  
0.08, 0.554, 0.15
From chart 45, 0.05⇒Mux1 =96 kN-m
To find Muy1: -
Muy1 96 kN-m
To find Puz: -
Puz 0.45fckAc 0.75fyAsc 3329.26 kN
To find n: -
0.8
n
Checking interaction formula: -
n n 2 2 0.815 1.0
Interaction formula is satisfied.
Design of lateral ties:  -
Diameter of ties 6.25mm
provide 8mm lateral ties at 300mm c/c.
 COLUMN REINFORCEMENT DETAILING

• Provide 8 No’s 20mm diameter bars at 130 mm

c/c spacing. 3500.0

• provide 8mm lateral ties at 300mm c/c.

8- 20mmØ
400.0

400.0
 DESIGN OF FOOTING
   
Factored load Pu 3267 kN
Service load P 2178 kN
SBC of soil 200 kN/m2
Size of footing: -
Load from the column P 2178 kN
Self-weight of footing 10% of column load 217.8 kN
Total load on the soil P 2395.8 kN
Area of footing 11.979 m 2

Adopt 4m4m square footing

 
Upward Soil Pressure: -  
Factored load Pu 3267 kN
qu 0.204 N/mm 2

Depth of footing: -
The critical section for B.M will be at the face of the column.
Mu qu  1322 kN-m
Mu 0.138 fck bd2
d 283 mm
Depth required to resist shear in footings is much higher than required for
bending. Let us assume the effective depth as twice the depth required from
bending consideration.
d 2283 566 mm
Provide 700mm effective depth and 750mm overall depth to take of shear.
 
Reinforcement: -  
provide 20mm bars at 250 mm c/c in both directions.
Check for one-way shear: -
 The critical section for one-way shear is at a distance ‘d’ from the face of
the column.
Factored shear force Vu qu =897.6 kN
Nominal shear stress v 0.320 N/mm²
Percentage of tension steel at support % Ast = 0.179 %
c 0.809 N/mm2
Since τc τv , it is safe with respect to one way shear.
Check for two-way shear: -  
The critical section for two-way shear is at a distance from the face of the
column.
Perimeter of the critical section 4(b+d) 4400mm
Area of the critical section A 4400d 4400700
Two-way shear force Vu2 qu  3017.2 kN
Nominal shear stress v 0.98 N/mm²
Permissible punching stress p 0.25
1.36 N/mm > 0.98 N/mm
2 2

Hence, it is safe with respect to two-way shear.

Check for Development length: -  
bd 2.4 N/mm2
Ld 52.2 mm
Length available beyond the column face 1800 mm L d
Hence O.K.
 
 DESIGN OF STAIRCASE
   
Staircase dimensions 2.55m 3.95m
Height of the floor 3.5 m
Height of one flight 1.75 m
Let us assume rise 150mm
Thread 250mm
No of rises 12
No of treads=12-1=11
Length required 25011 2750 mm 2.75m
Width of landing 0.6 m
Adopt width of staircase 1.2 m
• Effective Span: -
 
• Effective span centre to centre distance of walls
• 2.75+ 0.30 3.05 m
• Thickness of slab: -
• Assume effective depth d 122 mm
• Adopt d 125 mm, D 150 mm
• Loads: -
Weight of Slab D 25 4.37 kN/m
• Weight of Steps 1.875 kN/m
• Live load 2 kN/m2
• Floor Finish 1 kN/m2
• Total load 9.245 kN/m
• Factored load Wu 9.2451.5 13.9 kN/m
• Factored Bending Moment Mu 16.16 kN-m 
Minimum depth required: -  
drequired 62.4 mm dprovided
Hence provided depth is adequate.
 Tension Reinforcement: -
Ast 373.5 mm 2

provide 10mm bars at 210mm c/c.

Distribution Reinforcement: -
Minimum Reinforcement Ast,min 0.12% of gross area= 180 mm2
Hence provide 8 mm bars at 270 mm c/c.
 
PLAN OF STAIRCASE
ELEVATION OF STAIRCASE
 CONCLUSION

• The Multi- storeyed residential apartment building (G+6) is designed to resist the Gravity loading. One lift
and staircase are accommodated in the building.

• The provisions for various structural elements such as slabs, beams, columns, and footings are adopted
as per IS 456: 2000.

• The method used is limit state analysis, the partial safety factor for concrete is 1.5 and steel is 1.15. It
means 50% more concrete and 10% more steel is considered.

• As per limit state method, thickness of slab adopted is 150mm.Size of beams is 300mm×400mm and that
of columns is 400mm×400mm.Footing dimensions are 4m×4m. M30 grade concrete mix and corrosive

resistant Fe415 grade steel are used for the design.

• This design follows the study of AutoCAD and analysis with ETABS and found out the structure is safe in
deflections, stresses, loads and moments.
 REFERENCES

• Reinforced concrete-Limit state design (as per IS 456:2000) by B.C.Punmia, Ashok Kumar Jain.

• Reinforced Concrete Design (as per IS 456:2000) by S Unnikrishna Pillai, Devdas Menon – Third Edition by Tata
McGraw-Hill Publishers.

• IS 456: 2000 – Plain and Reinforced Cement Concrete – Code of Practice, Bureau of Indian Standards- New Delhi.

• IS 875:1987 (part 1, 2) – code of practice for design loads, Bureau of Indian Standards- New Delhi.

• SP-16 charts – design aids for R.C.C Structures, Bureau of Indian Standards- New Delhi.

• SP-34 (1987) – Handbook on concrete reinforcement and detailing, Bureau of Indian Standards- New Delhi.

• Aspects, Prospects and Sizes, “National building code of India”.

• Design of RCC Structural Elements (RCC Volume – 1) By S. S. Bhavikatti – Second Edition by New Age
International Publishers.