P1: Chapter 1 – Algebraic

Manipulation
including indices and surds!
Starter
Expand the following.
  ?

?
?

?
Recap: Basic Laws of Indices

3 8 11 8
 
𝑎 × 𝑎 =𝑎?  
(𝑎 ) 3
=𝑎?24

1 0
 
7 = ?7  
𝑎 =1
?

 
−3 1 1   1
2 = 3=
? 3
64 =√ 64= 4 3 ?
2 8
1 4
 
? 2
 
𝑏 5
√ 𝑎 =𝑎 −1
=𝑏
?
𝑏
‘Flip Root Power’ method

3
  −
5 ⃗ 1 1 1
32 𝑓𝑙𝑖𝑝 ? 3
𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡 3 ?⃗
⃗ 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 ?
5 2 8
32
More examples
 

?
Textbook Fail
Example 7d on page 9 is wrong:

  3
−
2 1
25 = ?
125

Whenever you have fractional powers where the denominator

is even, by DEFINITION, you only consider the positive
solution.
Exercises
2 3 3
Simplify:   𝑎 ? 2
 
2 ?
7 =𝑎 14 4 =8
1 3 𝑎6 ×𝑎 7=3 ?𝑎 13
 
√𝑎 3
  −
2 1
7 5−2   ( 3 )4
15 9 =?
2 2 𝑏 ×3 𝑏 =6 𝑏 8
  ? 𝑏 27
? 2
=𝑏 1
20   − 1
3  2 ( 𝑐 3 )2=2
?𝑐6 ( √ 𝑏) 16 8 3
?
=
2
  𝑑7 4
Evaluate:
2
𝝅
 
𝑑
=𝑑
3 ?
0.5 17
 
64
−
3
=
1
? 16
9 9   ?
=3
  𝑓 4 6   810.25 = 3
?
4 =𝑓
−2 ?
10
𝑓   −3 1
11 3 =
? 27
  2 3 4 24
5 (( 𝑚 ) ) =𝑚?   −0.5 1
12 2 =
?
  3 2
√2
2  
6 ?
𝑎 √ 𝑎 =𝑎 13 8 3
?
= 4
Skill 2: Power of a product

5 5 5
 
( 2 𝑎𝑏 ) =32 𝑎? 𝑏

  3 2 2 6 4 2
(𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 ) = 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
?
Skill 2b: Power of a fraction

2
3 9
 

( )
8
= ?
64
−1
 
7 5
( ) 5
=?
7
−2
2 9
 

( ) 3
=?
4
‘Flip Root Power’ method

2 2 2
27 8 2 4
 
−
( )
8
3 ⃗
( ) ()
27
3
𝑓𝑙𝑖𝑝 ? ⃗𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡 ? ⃗
3
𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 ?
9
Exercises
Evaluate:
1
Simplify:  
9 38   2 3 8
1  ( 2 𝑎 𝑏

  1
2 3
) =8 ?𝑎3 𝑏 6
7
( )
4
2
=?
2 () 3
=?
27
2 2
2 ? 𝑎
( 9 𝑎 ) =3   2 −3
27
3
  1
( 16 𝑎 𝑏 ) = 4 𝑎?2 𝑏
4 3 2
1 4
3
2
9
( )
3
?=
8
−1
4
 
( 27 𝑎 9 𝑏 4 ) 3 =3 ?𝑎3 𝑏 3
  5 6
 

  2
10
( )
6
? =
5
5 ( 8 𝑎6 𝑏 ) =4?𝑎4 𝑏 8
12 3
1
 
64 − 3
6
  3
? 𝑎 9 𝑏18
( 16 𝑎6 𝑏 ) =64 12 2
11
( )
27
3
3
? =
4
 
9 − 64
12
( )
16
2
? = 27
Skill 3: Changing Base

 Express in the form ,  Solve

stating in terms of .

? ?

 Express in the form ,

stating in terms of .

?
 Factorising
SKILL 1   SKILL 2
Taking out a single factor

  ?  𝑥2 −7 𝑥 − 30= ( 𝑥 +3 )?( 𝑥 −10 )

?

SKILL 3   SKILL 4
Difference of two squares
  ? (Use ‘guess’ method or “Woolacott”
method” © )
?   ?
? ?
? ?
?
Exercises
Page 7 – Exercise 1E
Even-numbered questions

Page 9 – Exercise 1F
1g,h,i , 2
Recap
 
?

?
Laws of Surds

And that’s it!

Laws of Surds

Using these laws, simplify the following:

? ?

? ?

?
Expansion involving Surds
Work these out with neighbour. Simplify as much as possible.
We’ll feed back in a few minutes.

? ?

 
( 2+ √ 8 ) ( 7 − √ 2 ) =10+12
? √2

?
Simplifying Surds

It’s convention that the number inside the surd is as small as possible, or the
expression as simple as possible.
This sometimes helps us to further manipulate larger expressions.

? ?

? ?
Simplifying Surds

This sometimes helps us to further manipulate larger expressions.

? ?

?
Rationalising Denominators

Here’s a surd. What could we multiply it by such that it’s no

longer an irrational number?

? ?
Rationalising Denominators

In this fraction, the denominator is irrational. ‘Rationalising the

denominator’ means making the denominator a rational number.

What could we multiply this fraction by to both rationalise the

denominator, but leave the value of the fraction unchanged?

? ?

There’s two reasons why we might want to do this:

1. For aesthetic reasons, it makes more sense to say “half of root 2” rather
than “one root two-th of 1”. It’s nice to divide by something whole!
2. It makes it easier for us to add expressions involving surds.
Rationalising Denominators

? ?

?
Rationalising Denominators

 
What is the value of the following. What is
significant about the result?
?

 This would suggest we can use the difference of two squares to

rationalise certain expressions.

What would we multiply the following by to make it rational?

?
Difference of Two Squares Practice

 
?
?
?
?
?
?
Rationalising Denominators

Rationalise the denominator. Think what we need to multiply

the fraction by, without changing the value of the fraction.

 
5 5 √ 6− 5
= ?
√6 − 2 2

 
2 2 √ 5 −2 √ 3
= ?
√7+ √3 4
Rationalising Denominators

Rationalise the denominator. Think what we need to multiply

the fraction by, without changing the value of the fraction.

 
√2 = √10+ √6 ?
√5 − √3 2

 
√5 −3 =− √ 10− 3 √5? − 3 √2+ 9
√ 2+3 7
Exercises
Page 12 – Exercise 1H
Odds