Block 1 - Week 4 Integrating Sources and

Paraphrasing

Academic Paraphrasing

Skills Quotations
Using reporting verbs*

Development
academicsupport@globalbanking.ac.uk
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Aims

• Review academic conventions concerning the integration of

sources into our writing.
• Evaluate two different approaches to paraphrasing or
summarising.
• Outline the conventions of using quotations.
Integrating Sources Overview

Do you recall the meaning of these key terms from last week?

• in-text citation

• reference list entry

• paraphrase

• quotation
Integrating Sources Overview
Original Sentence: International student numbers in the UK are increasing.

Paraphrase (or Summary) OR Quotation

Original text rephrased into your own words Original text preserved (same words)
(shortened for a summary) and presented in ‘quotation marks’
Greater numbers of foreign students are studying in ‘International student numbers in the UK are increasing’.
Britain.

In-text Citation In-text Citation

Author surname, year of publication Author surname, year of publication, page number
(Bailey, 2018) (Bailey, 2018 p. 39)

Reference List Entry

Author surname and initial, year of publication, title, place of publication, publisher (for a book)
Bailey, S. (2018) Academic Writing. 5th ed. Abingdon: Routledge.
Paraphrasing Process Always remember
to add a citation to
the original source
in-text and a full
Reference
Original Text

Read Synonyms Word class Word order

• Identify • Change • Change • Restructur

key words words for parts of e the
and similar speech of sequence
concepts ones words of words

Edit to
shorten
PARAPHRASE
to a
SUMMARY
Evaluating
Paraphrase and
thinking about:
• Meaning. Does the paraphrase
change the meaning of the
original, or omit anything?
• Are any parts too close to the
original in terms of vocabulary
or structure resulting in
Plagiarism?
• Does the ‘in-text reference’
introducing Friedman seem
complete?
• Is it cohesive?
Paraphrasing Tips
Paraphrasing Tips
Paraphrasing Techniques
Paraphrasing Techniques
Paraphrasing Techniques
Paraphrasing Techniques
Paraphrasing Techniques
Reporting Verbs

Note the problem with the following sentences which refer to sources:

informal reporting verb

The BBC News (2010) says climbers need to take more precautions
when climbing mountains.

informal reporting verb

Jobs (2005) thinks that it is important to ‘have the courage to follow
your heart and intuition’.
Reporting Verbs

Formal academic writing uses a wide range of

reporting verbs. Verbs that express the views of
our sources’ authors or comments on the facts
the sources present.

Note that ‘according to’ is an alternative to

using a reporting verb, and should not be used
in addition: According to Jobs (2005), argues …
Further Study

A vocabulary set of reporting verbs to test yourself on their meaning.

Best used with the Quizlet app:
https://quizlet.com/_85nd7l?x=1qqt&i=ym1dv
References
Bailey, S. (2018) Academic Writing.5th ed. Abingdon: Routledge.