Amity Institute of Applied Sciences

 
Course Title: Applied Mathematics-III (MATH211)

Module-I, Lecture-4: Solution of Partial Differential

Equation namely by Lagrange's Method

Department of Mathematics, Amity Institute of Applied Sciences

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Learning Objectives

At the end of this session, you will be able to learn about

 What do you mean by a solution of partial differential equations by
Lagrange’s Method ?
 Some examples related to one of the methods.

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 Basic Definitions:

Linear Partial Differential Equation: If in a PDE, and both occurs in

first degree only and does not include their products terms, then these are
called linear PDE.

Lagrange’s Linear Equation: The PDE of the form , where ,, are functions
of is called Lagrange’s linear equation.

Theorem: The general solution of solving the linear partial differential

equation (, and are functions of and ) is

where, is an arbitrary function and and form a solution of the equations

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 Working Rule for solving by Lagrange’s method

 Step1: Write the given linear partial differential equation of the first order
in the standard form
(1)
 Step2: Write down Lagrange’s auxiliary equations for eq (1) says
(2)
 Step 3: Solve the auxiliary equations(2) taken two at a time (called
method of grouping) or by using multipliers (called method of
multipliers) or both. From this we will obtain at least two independent
solutions say , where ‘’ and ‘’ are arbitrary constants.
 Step4: Then is the general solution of .

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 Method of Multipliers:
Step1: Suppose the auxiliary equations are

Step2: Let be the constants or functions of such that

where are selected in such a way that so that .

Step3: Solving above differential equation, we get one independent solution .
Similarly, we can find another independent solution by choosing second set of
multipliers say .
Step4: Then is the general solution of .

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Examples based on Method of Grouping

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 Example1: Solve the PDE

Solution: The auxiliary equations are
(1)
where and
Taking the first two fractions of (1) , we get
or (2)
Integrating(2), we get
(3)
Next, Taking the last two fractions of (1) , we get
or (4)
Integrating(4), we get
(5)
From(3) and (5), the required general solution of given PDE is , where is an
arbitrary function.

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 Example2: Solve the PDE

Solution: The auxiliary equations are
(1)
where and
Taking the first two fractions of (1) , we get
or (2)
Integrating(2), we get
(3)
Next, Taking the last two fractions of (1) , we get
or or (4)
Integrating(4), we get
(5)
From(3) and (5), the required general solution of given PDE is , where is an
arbitrary function.

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 Example3: Solve the PDE

Solution: The auxiliary equations are
(1)
where and
Taking the first two fractions of (1) , we get
(2)
Integrating(2), we get
(3)
Next, substituting in the last equation and using first and last fractions, we get
(4)
Integrating(4), we get
(5)
From(3) and (5), the required general solution of given PDE is , where is an
arbitrary function.

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Examples based on Method of Multipliers

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 Example4: Solve the PDE

Solution: The auxiliary equations are
(1)
where and
Taking the last two fractions of (1) , we get
(2)
Integrating(2), we get
(3)
Now using as multipliers, each fraction of (1)
(4)
so that
(5)
From(3) and (5), the required general solution of given PDE is , where is an
arbitrary function.

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 Example5: Solve the PDE

Solution: The auxiliary equations are
(1)
where and
Taking the first two fractions of (1) , we get
(2)
Integrating(2), we get
(3)
Now choose as multipliers, each fraction of (1)
(4)
Integrating (4), we get
(5)
From(3) and (5), the required general solution of given PDE is , where is an
arbitrary function.

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 Example6: Solve the PDE

Solution: The auxiliary equations are
(1)
where and
Now choose as multipliers, each fraction of (1)
(2)
Integrating(2), we get
(3)
Now choose as multipliers, each fraction of (1)
(4)
Integrating (4), we get
(5)
From(3) and (5), the required general solution of given PDE is , where is an
arbitrary function.
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  Practice Questions
Q1. Solve the following partial differential equations:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

Answers:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

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Thank You

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