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  • History and Historical Method With Audio.2

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    Mark Julius Dela Cruz
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    The document discusses the nature and limitations of history as a field of study. It states that history is an account of past phenomena and events in chronological order, based on records and evidence that have survived from the past. However, it notes that most of the past is unknown and lost to time, and what evidence does survive is incomplete. As a result, historians can at best reconstruct a partial understanding of the past based on the limited and imperfect information available to them. Their interpretations will also be subjective based on their own experiences. The key task of historians is to create as verisimilar a picture of the past as possible given the constraints of the evidence.

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    HISTORY AND HISTORICAL METHOD WITH AUDIO.2

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    The document discusses the nature and limitations of history as a field of study. It states that history is an account of past phenomena and events in chronological order, based on records and evidence that have survived from the past. However, it notes that most of the past is unknown and lost to time, and what evidence does survive is incomplete. As a result, historians can at best reconstruct a partial understanding of the past based on the limited and imperfect information available to them. Their interpretations will also be subjective based on their own experiences. The key task of historians is to create as verisimilar a picture of the past as possible given the constraints of the evidence.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    9 views16 pages

    History and Historical Method With Audio.2

    Uploaded by

    Mark Julius Dela Cruz
    The document discusses the nature and limitations of history as a field of study. It states that history is an account of past phenomena and events in chronological order, based on records and evidence that have survived from the past. However, it notes that most of the past is unknown and lost to time, and what evidence does survive is incomplete. As a result, historians can at best reconstruct a partial understanding of the past based on the limited and imperfect information available to them. Their interpretations will also be subjective based on their own experiences. The key task of historians is to create as verisimilar a picture of the past as possible given the constraints of the evidence.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 16

    Ιστορία - learning

    A systematic account of
    a set of natural
    phenomena

    http://www.liveyourmagic.com/wp-
    content/uploads/2014/01/Aristotle_Color-879x1024.jpg

    ARISTOTLE
    Gottschalk 1969. Understanding History 1
    Latin - Scientia

     A non-chronological
    systematic account
    of a set of natural
    phenomena

    http://www.triviumpursuit.com/blog/wp-
    content/uploads/2015/01/Auli_Gellii_Noctium_
    Atticarum_1706-400x500.jpg

    Gottschalk 1969. Understanding History 2


    History
     accounts of
    phenomena in
    chronological order

     especially in human
    affairs
    https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?
    q=tbn:ANd9GcR6dTJc8DoEQidNTypMrxshX8EKKLabluTV
    Gottschalk 1969. Understanding History e04yu-31hfKj9UA-
    3
    Reconstruction of the past
    of mankind

    most part is
    beyond recall.

    https://english.cdn.zeenews.com/sites/default/files/2015/01/2
    2/316419-rem.jpg

    Gottschalk 1969. Understanding History 4


    Reconstruction of the past
    of mankind
    reconstruction of the total past of the
    humankind is unattainable.

    https://www.johnhembree.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Man-
    looking-at-the-missing-piece-300x200.png
    Gottschalk 1969. Understanding History 5
    Historical Knowledge Limited by
    Incompleteness of Records

    most past human affairs happen


    without leaving vestiges or
    records.
    the past has perished forever with https://mnliteracy.org/sites/default/fil

    only occasional traces es/styles/medium/public/detective-


    1424831_640.png?itok=tT9RYsd2

    Gottschalk 1969. Understanding History 6


    Historical Knowledge Limited by
    Incompleteness of Records
    Only a part of what was
    observed in the past was
    remembered https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?
    q=tbn:ANd9GcQv_TzmmdKJ4KobdXaOn0pPo8ebG1
    Mn3xQs8fF3kj3j0VZ9lsYjqg

    Only a part of what was


    remembered was
    http://c3.thejournal.ie/media/2015/09/pope-asia-
    smartphone-mania-photo-gallery-390x285.jpg
    recorded
    Gottschalk 1969. Understanding History 7
    Historical Knowledge Limited by
    Incompleteness of Records
    Only a part of what was
    recorded survived

    Only a part of what has


    survived has come to the https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?

    historians’ attention
    q=tbn:ANd9GcSSdxco3jCNslJl-
    sXKVvDk5dWtt9606OgLlNwhfNy0cJV4JGtF

    Gottschalk 1969. Understanding History


    8
    Historical Knowledge Limited by
    Incompleteness of Records
    https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?
    q=tbn:ANd9GcRaeQwLskMhg5Cb1b5CeHei7Ao30UY5o-
    sMV73YhWrIIihxbd8llw
    Only a part of what
    has come to their
    attention is credible

    Only a part of what


    is credible has been
    grasped. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/sites/default/files/styles/arti
    cle785xauto/public/the181018_p32_dark.jpg?itok=diMMyxn_

    Gottschalk 1969. Understanding History 9


    History-as-actuality can only be
    known as History-as-record

    History as told (spoken or written


    history) is only the expressed part of
    the understood part of the credible
    part of history-as-record.

    Gottschalk 1969. Understanding History 10


    Subjectivity in History
    From the inadequate
    information of the past,

    the historian
    attempts to

    restore the past based


    https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thu
    mb/1/15/Temple_Scroll.png/250px-
    Temple_Scroll.png

    from his own experience.


    Gottschalk 1969. Understanding History 11
    Subjectivity in History
    Thus the utmost the historian can grasp
    of history-as-actuality,

    can be nothing more that


    mental images
    based upon an application of his
    own experience.
    Gottschalk 1969. Understanding History 12
    HISTORIANS TASK

    https://previews.123rf.com/images/6kor3dos/6kor3dos1207/6kor3dos1
    20700035/14523010-four-3d-people-completing-the-puzzle.jpg

    Not to acquire a complete knowledge


    of the irrecoverable past through
    surviving evidence
    Gottschalk 1969. Understanding History 13
    HISTORIANS TASK
    Re-creating verisimilar image as
    much of the past as the evidence
    makes recoverable.

    http://earthporm.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/things-look-similar-
    to-each-other-einstein-baby-selina__700-300x167.jpg
    Gottschalk 1969. Understanding History 14
    Historical Method and Historiography

    Historical Method is the


    process of critically
    examining and analyzing
    the records and survivals
    of the past.
    https://www.fraud-
    magazine.com/uploadedImages/Fraud_Magazin
    e/Content/Articles/2012/MayJune-S2W.jpeg

    Gottschalk 1969. Understanding History 15


    Historical Method and Historiography

    http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mo-
    https://img.purch.com/w/660/aHR0cDovL3d3dy ap46X18w/Tj2Q9m3wzXI/AAAAAAAAOQM/
    5saXZlc2NpZW5jZS5jb20vaW1hZ2VzL2kvMD p0N3G8wRO6U/s1600/man-5000-years-
    AwLzAxNS8yMjAvb3JpZ2luYWwvc2NpZW5j ago03.jpg
    ZS1hcnRpc3RyeS5qcGc=

    Historiography is the imaginative


    reconstruction of the past from the data
    derived by Historical Method.
    Gottschalk 1969. Understanding History 16

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