1.

His daughter, Alice of Athlone, had one

hemophilic son (Rupert) and two other children
—a boy and a girl—whose status is unknown.
Questions:

(a) What is the probability that her other son was hemophilic?
XH Y

XH
XH XH XH Y 1:2

50%
Xh Chance
Xh XH Xh Y
(b) What is the probability that her daughter was a carrier?
Hemophilic?

XH Y

XH 50% chance to
X X
H H
X Y
H
be a carrier

0% Hemophilic
Xh
Xh XH Xh Y
(c) What is the probability that both children were normal?

Chance of being normal:

Since both of the children have 50% chance

½ x ½ = ¼ = 25% Chance
2. Victoria’s youngest child, Beatrice, gave
birth to one daughter, one normal son, and
two hemophilic sons.
Questions:

(a) Looking at the pedigree of the royal family, identify which of Beatrice’s children received the hemophilic gene; why can you make this conclusion?

XH Y

XH 1:2 50% Chance

X X H H
X Y
H

All four daughters

have 50% chance
Xh
Xh XH Xh Y
(b) Notice that Beatrice’s daughter, Eugenie, married King Alfonso
XIII of Spain and had six children, one of whom was the father of
Juan Carlos, the current King of Spain. Would you predict that Juan
Carlos was normal, a carrier, or a hemophilic?

Xh Y

0% Chance
XH
X H Xh XH Y 100% Chance to be
carriers
0% Chance of his son
XH
XH XH XH Y to be hemophilic
3.)
Questions:

(a) What are the probabilities that all four of the girls were
carriers of the allele hemophilia?

Individual probability for each girl is 1/2

- all four is carrying ½ x ½ x ½ x ½ =1/16

(b) Supposing Alexis had lived and married a normal woman,
what are the chances that his daughter would be a
hemophiliac?

0% thus it is not possible

(c) What are the chances his daughters would be carriers?

100% would have been carriers

(d) What are the chances that his sons would be
hemophiliacs?

0% chance of sons being hemophiliac

4.) In 1995, a sixty-three-year-old man named Eugene
Romanov, a resident of the former Soviet Union, turned up.
He shared both the disease and his last name with the royal
family of czarist Russia. He proclaimed himself a grandson
of Nikolas II’s youngest daughter, Anastasia, whose body had
at that time not been recovered, and who was believed by
some to have managed to survive the revolution. Eugene
Romanov claimed Anastasia was raised by a farmer, and
later she married a nephew of her adopted parents and had a
daughter, Eugene’s mother.
Questions:

(a) According to Eugene’s argument, what was the likely hemophilic status
of Eugene’s mother and grandmother? What about his father and
grandfather? Is this argument plausible?
First Generation:
G
R
A A
Let the disease be S A
and carrier be AS N
D
and non-carrier be A
AA M AA AA
O
T
H MOTHER
E S
R
AS AS
(b) How plausible is it that Eugene inherited both hemophilia and
the last name from the royal family? (Hint: Look how each of them
is passed from generation to generation.)

Second Generation:
G
R
A S
A
If the carrier get married to N
D
carrier AS, the probability of
A
them getting or possessing M AA AS
like disease to live on to the O
T
next generation is possible. MOTHER
H
E S
R
AS SS
5.) Prince Charles is the designated next
king of England. His well publicized
marriage to Princess Diana produced two
sons before it ended in an acrimonious
divorce.
If you learned that one of the two sons was a hemophiliac,
what are the possible explanations for this event?

Princess Diana is a carrier while

Prince Charles is a normal male

Princess Diana = XH Xh

Prince Charles = XH Y