Design and Analysis of Ultra-Wide Band

Micro strip Patch Antenna for Modern

Wireless Applications

Supervisor Co-supervisor
Dr. V.K. Pandey Mr. Anshuman Singh
(Prof.) Presented by (Asst.Prof.)
Paramita saha
 CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Literature survey
• Fundamentals parameters of antenna
• Micro strip patch antenna
• Previous research
• Previous work result
• Objective
• Design methodology
• Proposed antenna
• Result analysis
• Fabrication and measurement
• Conclusion
• Publications
• References
 INTRODUCTION
After approval of commercial use of UWB by FCC (federal communication
commission), Ultra wide ban (UWB) has become a great point of interest in
present research area.

Several researchers have faced the challenges such as reducing the

antenna size, increasing bandwidth and minimizing interference.

 But now a days many research works have been proposed for ultra wide
band antenna.

Microstrip antenna is more preferred due to its low profile.

 Last decade, many researches have been proposed to realize UWB

antennas with band-notched characteristic.
 LITERATURE SURVEY
Sl.no. Title Author Publication Year Outcomes

Microstrip BW Mohamad Kamal, JTDIS41D(5), 2004 The performance of the

Enhancement Using A. Rahim, & Peter University antenna has been
1 Log Periodic Gardner Technology investigated in terms of
bandwidth, gain relative to a
Technique With Inset Malaysia, 53-66 dipole antenna, cross-polar
Feed,‖. isolation, and beamwidth.
  But there was many
unwanted notched bands.

Study of A Printed Jiaxin Liang, C.C. IEEE Trans. On Nov. They have been shown that
circular Disc Chiau, Xiadong Antenna and 2005 the performance of the
2 Monopole Antenna Chen and Clive G. Prop., vol. 53, antenna in term of its
frequency domain
for UWB Systems Parini No. 11, pp 3500- characteristics is mostly
  3504, dependent on the feed
  gap .the width of the ground
plane w and the dimension
of the disc
Sl.no. Title Author Publication Year Outcomes
A Compact Ultra Qing-Xin Chu and IEEE Trans. Dec. By nested C slots to
wideband Antenna Ying-Ying Yang Antennas and 2008 produce band-notch in
3 With 3.4/5.5 GHz Propag.,vol.56,pp.3 3.4 GHz band and 5.5
Dual Band-Notched 637-3644 GHz band and
Characteristics minimize to the
interference of the
UWB antenna with
Wi-MAX and WLAN 2
bands respectively.

4 A compact M.A.Antoniades IEEE Antennas 2008 L-shaped slot cut of

multiband monopole and G.V. Wireless Propag the ground ,however
antenna with a Eleftheriades Lett 7 652–655. forming a defected
defected ground ground plan. They
plane,   have given
demonstrate that the
inclusion of the slot
create s two
additional
independent adjacent
resonances
Sl.no. Title Author Publication Year Outcomes
CPW-fed ultra- D.-O. Kim and Electron. Lett., Sept.2010. To produce triple band-
wideband antenna C.-Y. Kim vol.46,pp.1246-1248 notch characteristics. In
5 with triple-band this chapter they
explained very clearly
notch function optimized positioning of
notch elements to
achieve controllability
of each rejection band

6 A Printed LPDA With G.A. Casula, P. IEEE International March 2010. He proposed the
UWB Capability, Maxia, and G. workshop on design of a
Mazzarella Antenna wideband microstrip
Technology(IWAT 1-3, log periodic array
operating frequency
range 4 and 18 GHz
And shown both
SWR and gain better
than likely structures
 Fundamentals of antenna
Radiation Patterns:
It is graphical representation of radiated power at
as fix distance from the antenna as a function of
azimuth and elevation angle. There are three types
of antenna pattern.

a)Omnidirectional Antennas: This antenna has

uniform radiation pattern and equally distributed in
one plane generally referred to horizontal planes.
Some applications like mobile, cell phones etc.
B. Directional Antennas:
directional antennas concentrate their radiation in a
particular direction. They are also known as Beam Antenna.
Yagi, horn, log-periodic antenna and panel antenna are some
example that have directional radiation pattern

C. Isotropic radiator: An Isotropic antenna has the radiations

distributed uniformly in all direction. But practically this type
of radiation is not possible.
Antenna polarization:
Antenna polarization is a polarization of the electromagnetic
waves radiated from the antenna. Polarization on a wave is the
orientation or path traces by the electric field vector as a
function of time. Polarization can be categorized in three parts

a. Linear polarization
b. Circular polarization
c. Elliptical polarization
 Ultra wideband

 Ultra wide band (UWB) is a radio communication technology

that can use low energy level for short range and high data
rate transmissions.
 Interference does not exist with other traditional narrowband
and continuous carrier wave systems operating in the same
frequency band in ultra wide band communication.
 It is a very high speed wireless technology as same as WLAN
and Hyper LAN.
 High-performance UWB antennas require both good impedance
matching and low signal distortion within the specified
frequency bands.

Figure : Ultra wide band, wide band, and narrow band structure
 
ADVANTAGES OF ULTRAWIDE BAND:

 It has large channel capacity. Its bandwidth is form 3.1

GHz to 10.6 GHz and each channel is of more than 500
MHz.

 Ability to work with low signal to noise ratio

 Low probability of intercept and detection

 High performance in multipath channel

 Simple Transceiver architecture

 High-precision ranging and localisation at the centimetre

level
 
 MICROSTRIP ANTENNA
 It is also known as patch antenna, Because of its structure.

 This Patch antenna consists of a radiating patch on one

side of a dielectric substrate which has a ground plane on
the other side.

 The patch is generally made of conducting material such as

copper or gold and can be of any possible shape.
 Mainly microstrip antenna shapes are square, rectangular,
circular, and elliptical because of easy fabrication and easy
analysis.
 The radiating patch and the feed lines are usually photo
etched on the dielectric substrate.

Figure : Structure of a Microstrip Patch Antenna

ADVATAGES OF MICROSTRIP ANTENNAS
 Light weight and low volume.

 Low profile planar configuration which can be easily made

conformal to host surface.

 Low fabrication cost, hence can be manufactured in large

quantities.
 
 Supports both, linear as well as circular polarization.

 Can be easily integrated with microwave integrated

circuits (MICs).

 Capable of dual and triple frequency operations.

 Mechanically robust when mounted on rigid surfaces.

DISADVATAGES OF MICROSTRIP ANTENNAS:
 Narrow bandwidth.
 
 Low efficiency.
 
 Low Gain.
 
 Extraneous radiation from feeds and junctions.
 Low power handling capacity.

 Surface wave excitation

Feeding techniques :
A feed line is used to excite to radiate by direct or indirect
contact. There are several techniques of feeding and four main
techniques are

a) Coaxial probe feeding In this type of feeding method, the

inner conductor of the coaxial connector extends through the
dielectric and it is attached to the radiation patch of the
antenna while the outer conductor is connected to the
ground plane.
The main advantages of coaxial feeding is easy of fabrication,
easy to match, low spurious radiation and its disadvantages is
narrow bandwidth, difficult to model since a hole has to be
made in the thick substrate.

Figure: Coaxial feeding

b)Microstrip line feed: Microstrip line feed is simple methods
to fabricate as it is a just conducting strip directly connecting to
the patch and therefore can be consider as extension of patch.

Figure: Microstrip line feed

 There is one advantage is that the feed can be etched on the
same substrate to provide a planar structure. It is easy to
match by controlling the inset position.

 Disadvantage of this method is that as substrate thickness

increases, surface wave and spurious feed radiation
increases which limit the bandwidth
c) Aperture coupled feed: Aperture coupled feed is most
difficult method. This type of feed consist of two different
substrate separated by a ground plane. On the bottom side
of lower substrate there is a microstrip feed line whose
energy is coupled to the patch through a slot on the ground
plane separating two substrates.

 Advantages is allows independent optimization of feed

mechanism element.
 
 Disadvantage of this feeding technique is that due to presence of
multiple layer it is not easy to fabricate.

Figure: Aperture coupled feed

d) Proximity Coupled Feed: Proximity coupled feed technique is
also known as the electromagnetic coupling scheme. This method
provides choice between two different dielectric media, one is patch
and other is the feed line to optimize the individual performances

 The merits of this feed technique are that it eliminates spurious

feed radiation and provides very high bandwidth of about 13%,
due to increase in the electrical thickness of the microstrip patch
antenna
 The main drawback of this feeding technique is that it is not easy to
fabricate because of two dielectric layer which need proper
alignment.

Figure: Proximity coupled feed

 
MICROSTRIP ANTENNA WITH WIDE BANDWIDTH:

The basic patch element’s bandwidth is usually 1-3%. Bandwidth depends on :

1: Shape of patch

2: Resonant frequency
 
3: Dielectric constant and
 
4: The thickness of the substrate.

 
 
 PREVIOUS RESEARCH

In this research work ,Printed on a dielectric substrate and

fed by a 50 ohm micro strip line, a planar circular disc
monopole with semi ground plane has been demonstrated to
provide an impedance bandwidth of about 115% ranging
from 2.7 to 10 GHz .The gain of antenna is around 5.5 dBi
within the operating band.
Fig. Reference antenna Ant1; (a) Schematic
 b)Top view of fabricated antenna (c) Bottom view of fabricated antenna
 

 
 Thesis objective

• Enhancement of Impedance Bandwidth

• Enhancement of Gain

• Study of various parameters of antenna.

 DESIGN METHODOLOGY
SOFTWARE LEARNING PROCESS
 High Frequency Simulator Structure (HFSS) HFSS is a
high performance full wave electromagnetic (EM) field simulator for
arbitrary 3D volumetric passive device modeling that takes advantage of
the familiar Microsoft Windows graphical user interface.
 Finite Element Method
Finite Element Method
 Proposed work
UWB circular ring two element microstrip
patch antenna:
ANTENNA STRUCTURE AND DESIGN:

parameter mm parameter mm parameter mm parameter m

m

a 20 L
ml 50.46 Lg 52 L4 14.1
L 100 h 1.6 Wg 120 L5 4.39
W
ml 3.07 W
g2 160 d 8.6 L6 3.56
L
ml2 44.98 L1 8.46 L2 10.84 L2 10.84
Fabrication & Measurement
VNA Measurement Set up
Comparison Between Simulated &
Measured S11 Result

Figure. S11 variations with frequency of Ant1 Single element without ring
 
Figure : S11 variations with frequency of single element circular ring antenna Ant2
S11 variations with frequency of two element circular ring antenna array Ant3 for deferent values of d 
 RESULT ANALYSIS
Sl. No. Title Impedance Frequency Gain Notch Band
Bandwidth Range
1 Base Paper 115 % 2.7GHz-10GHz 5.5 dBi ___

2 Proposed work 146 % 2GHz-12.8GHz 6.3dBi 3.6GHz

(single ring)

3 Proposed work 185 % 1GHz-13.8GHz 8.1 dBi 4.6GHz

(circular ring Array)
 CONCLUSION
Proposed antenna shows an impedance bandwidth of
146% ranging from 2.0 GHz to 12.8 GHz. A notch band is
achieved at 3.6 GHz in the frequency band ranging from
3.35 GHz to 3.75 GHz. Further, gain and bandwidth of the
proposed antenna is enhanced using two element array
of circular ring. A microstrip line based power divider is
used to feed the both element of power divider.
Proposed two element antenna array shows an enhanced
impedance bandwidth of 185.5% ranging from 1.0 GHz to
13.8 GHz which covers the L, C, X bands completely and
Ku band partially. A notch band is achieved at 4.6 GHz for
avoiding the interference with signals of the frequency of
4.6 GHz. The gain of the antenna array is enhanced in the
entire band.Peak gain of proposed antenna is 8.1 dBi.
 PUBLICATIONS

Paramita saha, Anshuman singh, Vijay k.Pandey, Binod k.

kanujia, Mukhesh k. khandelwal,“Design and Analysis of
UWB circular ring two Element Array With Notched Band
For Modern Wireless Application, ” Microwave and Optical
Technology Letters (WILEY), Vol.57,no.9,september 2015
 REFERENCES
1. Jiaxin Liang, C.C. Chiau, Xiadong Chen and Clive G. Parini, ―Study of A Printed circular Disc Monopole
Antenna for UWB Systems,‖ IEEE Trans. On Antenna and Prop., vol. 53, No. 11, pp 3500-3504, Nov. 2005.
 
2. M.A.Antoniades and G.V. Eleftheriades, A compact multiband monopole antenna with a defected ground
plane, IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag Lett 7 (2008), 652–655.
 
3. C.Campbell, I. Traboulay, M. Suthers, and H. Kneve, ―Design of A Stripline Log-Periodic Dipole Antenna,‖ IEEE
Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 25, NO. 5, PP 718-721, SEP. 1977.
 
4. H.K Smith and P.E. Mayes, ―Log-Periodic Array of Dual-Feed Microstrip Patch Antennas,‖ IEEE Trans. Antenna
prop., vol. 39, no 12, pp 1659-1664, Dec. 1991.
 
5. P.S. Hall, ―Multi octave Bandwidth Log-Periodic Microstrip Antenna Array, IEE Proceedings, vol. 133, pt H, no.
2, pp 127-136, 1986.
 
6. F.Tefiku and C.A. Grimes, ―Design of Broad-Band and Dual-Band Antennas Comprised of Series-Fed Printed-
Strip Dipole Pairs,‖ IEEE Trans. Antenna Prop., vol. 48, no-6, pp 895-900, June 2000.
 
7. R. Clive, Oakes, and K.G. Balmain, ―Optimization of the Loop-coupled Log- Periodic Antenna,‖ IEEE Trans.
Antenna and prop., vol. AP-21, no. 2, pp 148-153, March 1973.

 
8. K.G. Balmain, and J.N. Nkeng, ―Asymmetry Phenomenon of Log-Periodic Dipole
Antennas,‖IEEE Antenna and Prop., vol. AP-24, no.-4, pp 402-410, July 1976

9. P.S. Excell, Adam D. Tinniswood, and W. Clarke, ―An Independently Fed Log-Periodic
Antenna for Directed Pulsed Radiation,‖ IEEE Trans. On Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol.
41, no 4, pp 344-349, Nov. 1999.
   
10. G.A. Casula, P. Maxia, and G. Mazzarella, ―A Printed LPDA With UWB Capability,‖ IEEE
International workshop on Antenna Technology(IWAT), March 1-3, 2010.
 
11. Mohamad Kamal, A. Rahim, & Peter Gardner, ―Microstrip BW Enhancement Using Log
Periodic Technique With Inset Feed,‖ JTDIS41D(5), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 2004 : 53-
66.
 
12. R. Pantoja, A. Sapienza, F.M. Filho, ―A Microwave Printed Planar Log-Periodic
Dipole Array Antenna,‖ IEEE Trans. Antennas Prop., vol. 35, no 10, pp 1176-1178, Oct. 1987.
Thank You