 Management as Art, Science

and Theory
 Basic Management Principles
and Theories
 Kinds of Managers
and Their Leadership Styles

Presented to:
LUIS P. SERVIÑAS, Ph. D.
Is
?
If management has got two faces
like a coin - on one side as art; on
the other side as science...

...behind these two faces

is a theory. So what is
management as a theory?
A leader is one who inspires, motivates
and leads people to accomplish
organizational goals
 Leadership is all about
influencing a group of people
Characteristics of effective leader
Take the challenges to grow
Take calculated
risks
Adopt the leadership style that fits you
and your personality
Have courage at the time of
controversies
Accept their mistakes
Communicate frequently
Be approachable
Understand the situation
and the fact
Essential requisites of
leadership are
Trust
Collaboration
Confidence
Competence
Competitive Spirit
How do you define leadership style?
 Types of Leadership Styles
Psychologist Kurt Lewin set out to identify different
styles of leadership.
1. Democratic/Participative
Leadership Style
Democratic
Democratic leaders offer guidance
to group members, but they also
participate in the group and allow
input from other group members.
• Participative leaders encourage
group members to participate,
but retain the final say over the
decision-making process.
• Group members feel engaged in
the process and are more
motivated and creative.
When to use Democratic
Leadership Style?
1.Team agreement is needed.

2. Greater motivation
and commitment

3. Knowledgeable
and skillful team
members
2. Autocratic Leadership Style
Autocratic
Authoritarian leaders make
decisions independently with
little or no input from the
rest of the group.

Authoritarian leadership is
best applied to situations
where:-
• There is little time for
group decision-making
• Where the leader is the
most knowledgeable
member of the group.
 3. Laissez-Faire/Free Rein
Leadership Style
Laissez-Faire
Laissez-Faire leaders offer little
or no guidance to group
members and leave decision-
making up to group members.
• While this style can be
effective in situations where
group members are highly
qualified in an area of
expertise,
• it often leads to poorly
defined roles and a lack of
motivation.
When to use Laissez Faire/ Free
Rein Style?
1. When the team is highly
capable
2. When team members are
able to analyze the situation
3. When close monitoring of
a decision is not needed
 What are the factors for
selecting leadership style?
Objectives that need to be achieved
Followers
Situation
Apply the appropriate leadership
style and techniques
 Leadership style is the approach for
providing the right way to the team
members, implementing planning
strategies and motivating people by
including all the three leadership styles.
Effective leadership is not about
making speeches or being liked;
leadership is defined by results
not attributes.
-
Peter Drucker