GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1 –

WEEK 1
Mr. Daryl Vince D. Romerosa – SST1
INTRODUCTION: MATTER AND
ITS PROPERTIES
What I need to KNOW?
Common chemical substances that can be found
in consumer products.
INTRODUCTION: UNITS OF
MEASUREMENTS
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Recognize the formulas of common chemical substances
2. Compare consumer products on the basis of their components
for use, safety, quality and cost
PART 3 – COMMON
CHEMICALS
WHAT IS IT?
WHAT IS IT?
WHAT IS IT?
ASSESSMENT
Log in to our LMS website or open your
Moodle App and answer “Written Work #3”

You have 30 minutes to answer.

PART 4 – CONSUMER
PRODUCTS
CONSUMER PRODUCTS
Consumer products are items or goods commonly bought
for private use or consumption.
These products help us to accomplish our daily work from
cleaning the house, treating wounds, repair broken objects,
and many more.
It is important to know what their components are, how to
properly handle them, and the risk they may pose on us.
WHAT’S IN?
1. What precautionary measures must be done
before and after handling consumer products?
2. Is it safe for us humans to consume or use a
specific product daily?
3. What are the proper ways in disposing these
products?
WHAT’S NEW?
Types of Products:
A. Non-Consumable B. Consumable
1. Metals/Metallic Alloys 1. Soap and detergent
2. Glass 2. Medicine
3. Cement 3. Food & Condiments
4. Plastics
5. Paints
6. Fertilizers / Pesticides
WHAT IS IT?
Metals
Metals have special
properties when
compared to other
elements that make
them suitable for
making many useful
things to make our daily
lives comfortable.
WHAT IS IT?
Metals
Useful Metals:
Iron: Used for making several articles from a safety pin to
nails to frames to rods for buildings, etc.
Aluminum: Used for household items like utensils, door
frames, window frames, aircraft frames
Copper: Utensils, electrical wires ,boilers
Gold, Silver, Platinum: Jewelry
WHAT IS IT?
Metallic Alloys
Alloy is a metal made by
combining two or more
metallic elements
WHAT IS IT?
Metallic Alloys
Useful Alloys
Stainless steel (Iron + Chromium + Nickel + Carbon = 73, 18, 8, 1) Various
gadgets, utensils, rods, vehicle frames
Bronze (Copper + Zinc + Tin = 80, 18, 2) Door knobs, artifacts
Brass (Copper + Zinc = 70, 30) Utensils
German Silver (Copper + Zinc + Nickel = 50, 30,20) Utensils
Bell metal (Copper + Tin = 80, 20) Bells, decorative items
Solder (Tin+ Lead = 50, 50) For soldering wires in electrical circuits
Duralumin (Aluminum + Copper + Magnesium + Manganese = 95, 4, 0.5, 0.5)
Aircraft frames, windows
WHAT IS IT?
Glasses
Glass is a transparent, brittle and hard material that can be
used in a variety of ways. A special property of glass is that
on heating slowly it softens. Soft glass can be easily bent
and blown into various shapes. This property of glass greatly
increases its utility.
Glass is made from several substances – a common
component used in the manufacture of glass is silica (SiO 2).
There are several types of glass.
WHAT IS IT?
Glasses
Different types of glass are used for different purposes.
Soda Glass
Potash Glass
Crooke's Glass
Optical Glass
Borosilicate Glass
Colored Glass
WHAT IS IT?
Cement
Cement is a grey powdery substance that when made wet
and allowed to dry sets to form a mass that is as hard as rock
. Cement is manufactured by heating a mixture of limestone,
clay and gypsum in special furnaces called kilns. Cement is
a complex material comprising of silicates of calcium and
aluminum.
WHAT IS IT?
Cement
Uses of Cement
Mortar (paste of sand, cement and
water used in between bricks )
Concrete (mixture of stone chips
(gravel ,sand, cement and water)
Reinforced concrete (framework of
closely laid iron bars is filled with
wet cement, sand and gravel)
WHAT IS IT?
Plastics
One of the most common and very
useful man- made material is plastic.
Polythene carry bags, plastic bottles,
cool drink crates , electronic
appliances, cabinets, frames of
washing machine, electrical insulations and furniture foam are
some of the things made of plastic. Plastics are cheap, light
and strong. They can be molded into different shapes.
WHAT IS IT?
Plastics
But plastics are a great source of
pollution.
Plastics are not biodegradable -
they do not decompose easily.
The use of plastic has increased
so much that plastic garbage is
also increasing every day. Plastic
cannot be disposed off by burning
as poisonous gases are evolved
WHAT IS IT?
Plastics
WHAT IS IT?
Paints
Paints are applied on walls and
metal surfaces to prevent corrosion.
Painting surfaces also makes the
surface look attractive. Cars, bikes,
refrigerators, ships, railway
coaches and houses are painted
with multiple coats of paint before
use.
WHAT IS IT?
Paints
Paint contains a pigment, a vehicle and a
thinner. A pigment is a colored material –
zinc oxide, white lead and titanium dioxide
are the commonly used white pigments.
Some colored minerals are used as colored
pigments. The pigment is mixed with a
vehicle. Some examples are linseed, soya
bean oil and special polymers. A thinner is
a solvent. Some examples are turpentine
oil or kerosene. It makes the paint more
fluid so that it may be applied easily
WHAT IS IT?
Fertilizers
As crops and plants are grown again
and again in the same soil, the soil
loses all nutrients. These nutrients are
replaced by using fertilizers . The
main nutrients that need to be
replaced artificially in the farms are
nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium.
Other micronutrients are potassium,
calcium, magnesium and sulfur.
WHAT IS IT?
Fertilizers
Natural manures like cow dung
and biocompost, are helpful in
increasing the fertility of the soil
naturally. However as this is
found to be insufficient, artificial
fertilizers are used to restore the
fertility of the soil.
WHAT IS IT?
Pesticides
Some pests and insects destroy crops or eat away the grains
before they are harvested. Pests include insects, fungi and rats.
They eat up grain stored in granaries and our homes.
Pesticides and fungicides are used to kill these pests and
improve the yield. Rodenticides are used to kill rodents.
Even after using pesticides, millions of pesos are lost every
year due to the
96 damage caused to crops by pests. Two
important insecticides are DDT and gammexene.
WHAT IS IT?
Soaps and Detergents
Soaps are prepared by hydrolysis of
vegetable oils in the presence of
alkalis. Soaps are soluble in water
and produce lather with soft water.
However, they form insoluble
calcium and magnesium salts of fatty
acids with hard water. Thus, soap
becomes less effective with
increasing hardness of water.
WHAT IS IT?
Soaps and Detergents
Detergents are obtained by the action of
concentrated sulfuric acid on some
petroleum products. Detergents resemble
soaps in action with the major difference
being that they do not form insoluble salts
with hard water. Hence they are used in the
washing of clothes. Liquid detergents are
used as shampoos, or as cleansing agents
for clothes made of silk and wool.
WHAT IS IT?
Medicine
A drug or medicine is a substance whose
use is recommended by doctors to bring
about a desired biochemical change in the
body.
Drugs also include harmful chemicals like
cocaine and heroin that are habit forming
and very harmful for our mental as well as
physical health. So their use is illegal.
WHAT IS IT?
Medicine
Specific categories of drugs:
Analgesics are used to reduce pain.
Example: paracetamol.
Anti-pyretics are used to reduce fever.
Example: aspirin.
Antibiotics are used to control infections.
Examples: penicillin, ampicillin,
streptomycin, amoxicillin.
WHAT I HAVE LEARNED?
Consumer products are items or goods commonly bought for
private use or consumption.
Consumer products play vital role in everyday life. However,
they could pose risks to health and safety when not used properly.
It is important to seek help when handling chemicals that you
are not familiar to use.
Always follow the proper waste management protocols specially
when dealing with hazardous chemicals.
ACTIVITY
Log in to our LMS website or open your
Moodle App and answer “Performance Task
#1”

You have 90 minutes to answer.

REFERENCES
Nacum, Z. T, General Chemistry 1 for Senior High School, C & E Publishing
Inc. 2017.
Bayquen, A. V, & De Castro-Bernas, G. Exploring Life Through Science:
Chemistry (2nd Edition). Phoenix Publishing House. 2012.
Study Notes in General Chemistry by EngineerPH EducatorPH excerpt from:
https://www.slideshare.net/walanoone/presentations
Images source: https://www.pngegg.com/