L/O/G/O

Farmasetika II

Fornas BPJS

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 Pokok Bahasan

1 Analgetik-Antiinflamasi

2 Antidotum

3 Anti konvulsi

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 Nyeri (Pain)
Nyeri
• Suatu isyarat (pertanda)
tentang adanya sesuatu dalam
tubuh yang kurang baik
(cedera, peradangan, kejang
otot)
• Terjadi karena adanya
pembentukan mediator nyeri
(histamin, bradikinin,
prostaglandin)
(Tan H.T dkk)

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 What is Pain?
• Accepted definition:
– An unpleasant sensory (noxious) and
emotional experience associated with actual
or potential tissue damage
– Anything which would cause more than
momentary pain in humans, should be
assumed to cause pain in an animal

(Lisa jhonson)

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 Jenis Nyeri (Pain)

Ada 2 jenis :
1) Nyeri akut
terjadi karena kecelakaan
dan kerusakan jaringan
mendadak
2)Nyeri Kronis
sering berulang dan terus
menerus
(Tan H.T dkk)

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 Types of Pain
Physiological Pain
• Is a protective
mechanism
• Causes avoidance
• Little to no tissue injury
• Pain stops once the
stimulus is removed
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Pathological Pain
 Results from tissue injury
 Inflammation occurs in the area
 Nerve damage
 Release of neurotransmitters
with ongoing stimulation of
nociceptors
 Can lead to hyperalgesia
 Persists after the stimulus is
removed
(Lisa Jhonson)
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 Opioids
• Agonists – include morphine and fentanyl
– Potent opioid analgesics
– Have more serious potential side effects than the
mixed agonist/antagonists: respiratory depression,
bradycardia, vomiting, constipation
– Can be used in a continuous infusion during
anesthesia
– Combined with tranquilizers for neuroleptanalgesic
balanced anesthesia
– Can be administered intravenously,
intramuscularly, via transdermal patches, and
epidurally +/- local anesthetics
– Can be reversed with naloxone
(Lisa Jhonson)
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 Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory
Drugs (NSAIDs)
• NSAIDs are weak organic acids with anti-
inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties
• Inhibit prostaglandin production by inhibiting COX
enzymes
• Are either non-selective (inhibits both COX iso-
enzymes) or selective for COX-2
• Non-selective NSAIDs have more serious side
effects (gastric ulceration and renal toxicity)
• Decreased renal blood flow during anesthesia
makes kidneys more susceptible to toxic effects
• Carprofen and meloxicam are COX-2 selective
inhibitors which have a reasonable margin of safety
when used pre-operatively
(Lisa Jhonson)
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 Ibuprofen

• Efektif sebagai analgesik ringan-sedang,

antipiretik dan antiinflamasi
• Dosis analgesik (jika perlu) : 200-400 mg
tiap 4-6 jam
• Pregnancy : kategori D pada trimester 3.
Dapat digunakan oleh ibu menyusui
• Efek pendarahan pada GI lebih rendah
dibanding asetosal
• Efek analgesik lebih baik dibanding PCT
dan aspirin

(Drug Information Handbook))

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 Asam Mefenamat
• Khasiat sebagai pereda rasa
nyeri dan radang
• Jika perlu 3 kali sehari 1
tablet, 30 menit – 1 jam
sesudah makan
• Perhatian :
– Hentikan pemakaian jika keluhan sudah
hilang
– Tidak dianjurkan untuk pasien riwayat
gangguan lambung, asma, ibu hamil dan
alergi asam mefenamat
– Tidak digunakan bersama obat nyeri lain

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 Paracetamol
• Khasiat sebagai obat demam
dan pereda nyeri
• Jika perlu 3-4 kali sehari 1
tablet
• Perhatian :
– Hentikan pemakaian jika keluhan sudah
hilang
– Tidak dianjurkan untuk pasien riwayat
gangguan hepar/hati dan alergi
paracetamol
– Tidak digunakan bersama obat nyeri lain

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 Tugas obat Antidotum dan Antikonvulsi
1)Definsi dan gambaran terkait penyakit /
keluhan
2)Obat yang digunakan berdasarkan Fornas
BPJS
3)Rincian tentang obat antidotum dan
antikonvulsi (dosage form, ESO, dll)

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L/O/G/O

Thank You!

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