ROZA EVA SUSANTI

Psikologi Perkembangan
0906588145
DASAR
SELF: Seluruh karakteristik individu.
self-understanding
self-regulation
self esteem and self concept

IDENTITY : Who a person is?Adolescence

is believed to play a special role in identity
development

PERSONALITY : Kecenderungan
karakteristik individu
Self Understanding

REPRESENTASI KOGNITIF dari

SELF.
 Self Understanding  Self Concept.
Siapa saya ??
 Meskipun TIDAK UTUH dalam
menjelaskan PERSONAL IDENTITY, Self
Understanding memberikan landasan
berpikirnya
Tiga Facet Self Understanding

1. Personal memories : autobiografi/ingatan

penting tentang diri.

2. Representation of the self : Gambaran

tentang diri sendiri

3. Theories of the self : Memungkinkan

individu mengetahui karakteristik self,
mengatur karakteristik ini menurut hirarki
pentingnya dan membuat karateristik ini
berhubungan satu sama lain
Self Understanding
Early childhood : memahami melalui fisik.
Middle n Late : eksternal karakteristik
menuju internal karakteristik : aspek sosial
dan pembanding sosial Perspektive
Taking
Adolescence n adult : More abstract
Lebih pada apa yang mereka ingin lakukan
untuk hidupnya Self awareness (young)
n life review (older)
Life Span of Self Understanding

Infancy
Not just given,they find and construct selves

Self Awareness : Kesadaran diri berbeda dari orang lain

Perfect Contingency (3-4mt)
Imperfect Contingency( up 4mt)

Self Recognition : Bayi tidak bisa mengekspresikan secara verbal

pandangannya tentang self/dirinya.

RISET: study self understanding (visual self recognition)

Human infants Self Recognition at approximately 18 month of age

Life Span of Understanding
Childhood
Bgm self understanding berkembang dan
apa peran perspektive taking terhadap self
understanding
 Verbally communicate their ideas
 Riset : Mind and Body
Relation with others
Pride n Shame (Soc.comparison)
 Perspective taking (Selman’s stages of
PT)
 PERSPECTIVE TAKING
DEVELOPMENT
Stage Age Desc.
Egocentric Viewpoint 3-5 Differentiation of Self-Other
Label other’overt feeling

Social-Information PT 6-8 Aware other’s soc.persp.

Self –reflective PT 8-10 Aware other’s soc perspc n

influence self’s-other’s

Mutual PT 10-12 Two person dyad n view

the interaction from 3th.

Soc-conventional system 12-15 Soc convention : undestood

by all member
(the generalized other)
Life Span of Self Understanding

Adolescence
 Abstract and Idealistic
 Differentiated
 The Fluctuating Self
 Contradictions Within the Self
 Real and Ideal, True and False
Selves (and possible selves)
Contexts of Life-Span Development

Multiple Selves and Sociocultural Contexts

 Self Integration
Adult Development and Aging
Self Awareness
Possible Selves
Life Review
Self Regulation

Pengertian : Kemampuan untuk

mengontrol tingkah laku tanpa
bantuan orang lain, termasuk
didalamnya self generation dan
cognitive yang memonitoring
pikiran, perasaan, dan tingkah
laku untuk mencapai tujuan
tertentu.
Life Span of Self Regulation

Infancy-early Childhood
12-18 : depend completely on caregiver for
acceptable behavior, compliance to
caregiver’s demands.

2-3 th : to comply with the caregiver’s

expectation in the absence of external
monitoring by caregiver
Preschool : better at self-control
Life Span of Regulation
Middle/Late Childhood – Adolescence

5-6/7-8 : Self regulation increases (their

own effort not due to luck)
Belief System

8-14 : Self responsibility for failure

outcome
Self control
Life Span of Regulation

Adult-Aging
Self control advance (Self control
meningkat pada early adulthood-middle,
lower for older adults in physical domain)
Self regulate
Selective optimization with compensation
theory :Successful self regulation in aging
is related :selection, optimization and
compensation
Self Esteem and Self Concept

Self esteem : Global evaluation of the

self (self worth n image) --- good
person

Self Concept : Specific evaluation of

self ---appearance
Development Change of SE n SC

Child and Adolescence

 Young children : Inflated views of
themselves
 8 th : Appraisals of their skills
 Middle : Psychological n Social
selves, compare with others
 Adolescent : Low SE, Stress n Storm
but also Positive Self Image
Development Changes of SE and
SC
Adult and Aging
 Not found any differences in SE
accros the different age periods
 Older have phys. problem not << SE
Why??
Increasing Self Esteem

Identifikasi sebab SE rendah dan

tentukan mana kompetensi yang
penting bagi self
Dukungan emosional dan penerimaan
sosial
Prestasi
StrategiCoping
IDENTITY

Identity’s Components
Psychosocial Moratorium
Kesenjangan antara rasa aman pada
masa kanak kanak dan autonomi
masa dewasa yang mana
pengalaman pada masa remaja
merupakan eksplorasi identitas
IDENTITY
 Identity’s Statuses
4 identity statuses : diffusion, foreclosure,
moratorium, achievement

Perkembangan identitas remaja

Peran budaya terhadap perkembangan

identitas
MAMA cycle
 IDENTITY STATUSES
Identity status
Position on occupation IM IF ID IA
And ideology

Crisis P A A P

Commitment A P A P

IM = Identity moratorium
IF = Identity foreclosure
ID = Identity diffusion
IA = Identity achievement
A = Absent
P = Present
PERSONALITY

Theories of Personality Development

 Psychoanalytic Theory
 Psychometric Theory
 Social Learning Theory
 Psychoanalytic Theories
Perkembangan kepribadian merupakan
ketidaksadaran yang utama-melampaui
kesadaran- dan sebagai kecenderungan
yang diwarnai oleh emosi
Tingkah laku merupakan surface
characteristic, dengan memahami
perkembangannya dengan baik kita dapat
menganalisa makna simbolik dari TL dan
bagaimana cara berpikirnya.
Pengalaman awal yang intensif dengan
orang tua akan membentuk perkembangan
kepribadian
 Social Cognitive Theories

Behavior, environment and

person/cognitive factors are important
in determining personality
 Humanistic Theories

Person’s cognitive capacity for

personal growth, freedom to choose
one’s own destiny, and positive
qualities
 Humanistic Theories
Maslow’s characteristics of Self Actualized
Individuals
 Realistic Orientation
 Problem-centered rather than self centered
 Fresh rather than stereotyped appreciation
of people and things
 Tendency to have strong intimate
relationships with a few special
 High degree of creativity
 Trait Theories
Personality consists of broad
dispositions,called traits, that tend to lead
to characteristic responses
Big five factors of Personality
 Emotional Stability
 Extraversion
 Openness
 Agreeableness
 Conscientiousness
Life Span of Personality

The Infant
 The Emerging Self
 Temperament : emotional responding.
As having biological foundations
• Emotionality,Activity,Sociability
• Behavioral Inhibition
• Easy vs Difficult Temperament
• Goodness of Fit
Life Span of Personality

The Child
Elaborating on a Sense of Self
Self esteem
Influences on Self Esteem
The Personality Stabilizes
Life Span of Personality

The Adolescent
Self Conceptions
Self Esteem
Forming a sense of Identity
Developmental Trends
Influences on Identity Formation
Life Span of Personality

The Adult
Self Perceptions
Continuity and Discontinuity in
Personality
Psychosocial Growth
• Before Adulthood
• Early Adult Intimacy
• Middle- Age Generativity
• Old-Age Integrity
Two views of the important adult
development
The Stage-crisis view : Levinson’s
and Erikson
Midlife-crisis :
 A being young vs old and how to
adapt to the aging process
 Individuals in middle age are
suspended between the past and the
future. This discontinuity often
produce
Two views of the important adult
development
The Life-Events Appoach : Life
events and how people adopt to them
 There is variation in how people go
through the adult stages and how
they experience and adopt to life
event
Refences

1.Santrock,J.W.(2002).Life-Span
Development (Int.ed).New
York:McGraw-Hill
2.Sigelman.C.K.(1999).Life-Span
Human Development.Brooks
Publishing Company
ALHAMDULILLAH

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