Welcome

everybody to the
presentaion of
group 1
Here starts the
lesson!
 Members of group

1. Vu Thi Hai An 5. Bui Thi Ngoc Anh

2. Nguyen Thi Lan Anh (K55N1) 6. Nguyen Thi Binh

3. Nguyen Thi Lan Anh (K55N2) 7. Mac Dang Duong

4. Tran Thi Kim Anh 8. Cao Thi Thu Duyen (Leader)

9. Luu Thi Ha
 Crossword puzzle: Vũ Thị Hải An

Find out the key word in red column

1 C 1 4

2 V O I C E L E S S

3 P H O N E T I C

4 S I X

5 V O I C E D Key
6 P H O N O L O G Y

7 F R I D A Y

8 E N G L I S H

9 F I F T Y N I N E

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 Topic:
CONSONANT

Here starts the

Group 1
lesson!
 Outline
I. Definition
II. Classification of consonants
III. Describing and identifying consonants
IV, Practice exercises and game

Here starts the

lesson!
 I. Definition

Here starts the

Group 1
lesson!

Mạc Đăng Dương

 Definition of consonant
In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a speech sound that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the vocal
tract.

Examples : [p], pronounced with the lips

[t], pronounced with the front of the tongue

[k], pronounced with the back of the tongue

[h], pronounced in the throat

[f] and [s], pronounced by forcing air through a narrow channel (fricatives)

and [m] and [n], which have air flowing through the nose (nasals).

Contrasting with consonants are vowels.

Mạc Đăng Dương

 II. Classification of
consonants

Here starts the

Group 1
lesson!

Mạc Đăng Dương

0 THE PLACE OF
ARTICULATION

1
—The place of articulation is the location of the obstruction of the air-
stream in the articulation of consonants. It describes the points at which
the articulators actually touch or are at their closet .

- Note : The terms used to describe the sounds are those which denote
the place of articulation of the sounds.

Kim Anh
 Kim Anh

a Bilabial

Bilabial (or ‘two lips’): Produced with the two

lips
Ex : ’/p/ as in “purse” and “rap“
/b/ as in “back” and “cab“ Bilabial
/m/ as in “mad” and “clam“
 Kim Anh

b Labiodental
- Labiodental (or ‘lip and
teeth’): Produced with the upper
teeth and inner lower lip Labiodental
Eg: /f/ as in “fro” and “calf“
/v/ as in “vine” and “have”
 Kim Anh

c Dental
- Dental (or ‘between teeth’): Produced with the tongue tip on or
near the inner surface of the upper teeth
E.g: /θ/ as is “thick” and “bath“
/ð/ as in “the” and “rather”

Dental
 Kim Anh

c
d Alveolar
-Alveolar (or ‘behind teeth’): Produced with the
Alveolar
tongue tip on or near the tooth ridge
E.g : /n/ as in “no” and “man“
/t/ as in “tab” and “rat“
/d/ as in “dip” and “bad“
/s/ as in “suit” and “bus“
/z/ as in “zit” and “jazz“
/l/ as in “luck” and “fully”
 Kim Anh

e Palato-alveolars
-Palato-alveolar (or ‘top middle of mouth’):
Produced by the body of the tongue touching the roof of
the mouth (in the palatal area)
E.g: /ʃ/ as in “shot” or “brash” /ʒ/ as in
“vision” or “measure”
/tʃ/ as in “chick” or “match”
/dʒ/ as in “jam” or “badge“
 Kim Anh

f Patatal g Retroflex
-Patatal (Hard patate+tongue) You
create Palatal consonants when you raise
the tongue to this point and constrict
airflow.
e
/j/ as in “yes” and “bayou” ou n d is mad
/r/ s
Patatal flex : tongue
-Retro e sides of the e roof of
with th e sides of th st the
on t h gain
placed uth pressed a
t he m o teeth.
 Kim Anh

h Velar
-Velar (or ‘top of throat’): Produced with the tongue body on
or near the soft palate
E.g: /ŋ/ as in “going” and “uncle” (note that the ‘n sound’
in these words is NOT made at the alveolar ridge, which is
Velar
why it is distinct from /n/).
• /k/ as in “kite” and “back“
• /g/ as in “good” and “bug“
• /w/ as in “wet” and “howard”
i Glottal
-Glottal (or ‘from the throat’): Produced
by air passing from the windpipe
through the vocal cords: /h/ as in
“hi” and “Bahamas.”

Glottal

Kim Anh
2. Manner of Articulation

t h e M anner
s
What i ati o n?
c u l
of Arti

Nguyễn Thị Lan Anh

19D170073
 Nguyễn Thị Lan Anh
19D170073

Manner of Articulation

The configuration and interaction of the

articulators such as the tongue, lips, and
palate when making a speech sound

it le. P52
Book T
 Nguyễn Thị Lan Anh
19D170073

Stops Nasal stops

Completely block air flow through your
mouth and let the air pass through your
nose.

• /m/ - oral passage is blocked by closing the

lips
The sound
made by • /n/ - oral passage is blocked by pressing
completely
blocking tongue tip against the alveolar ridge
the flow of
air and
then sudden
ly • /ŋ/ - oral passage is blocked by pressing the
releasing it
. back of your tongue against the soft palate
 Nguyễn Thị Lan Anh
19D170073
Stops
Oral stops

The vocal tract is closed completely, the

air quickly builds up pressure behind the
articulators and then releases in a burst.
The sound m
ade by
completely E.g. /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/.
blocking th
flow of air e
and then
suddenly re
leasing it.
 Nguyễn Thị Lan Anh
19D170073
Oral stops

/p/ /b/ /t/

oral passage is blocked oral passage is blocked oral passage is blocked by
by closing the lips by closing the lips pressing the tongue tip
against the alveolar ridge

/d/ /k/ /g/

oral passage is blocked by block airflow with the block airflow with the
pressing the tongue tip back of the tongue back of the tongue
against the alveolar ridge against the soft palate against the soft palate

Fricative
A partial blockage of the vocal tract so that air has
to be forced through a narrow channel.
● /f/ - air is forced through the upper teeth and
lower lip
● /v/ - air is forced through the upper teeth and
lower lip
● /θ/ - air is forced through upper teeth and
tongue
● /ð/ - air is forced through upper teeth and
tongue
Nguyễn Thị Lan Anh
19D170073
● /s/ - air is forced through tongue and alveolar
ridge
● /z/ - air is forced through tongue and alveolar
ridge
● /ʃ/ - air is forced through the tongue and point
just beyond alveolar ridge
● /ʒ/ - air is forced through the tongue and point
just beyond alveolar ridge
● /h/ - It’s technically not even a real consonant
sound since there’s no obstruction of airflow
 Nguyễn Thị Lan Anh
19D170073
Affricate Lateral
Start as stop sounds with air When the tongue blocks the the middle
building up behind an articulator of your mouth so that air has to pass
which then releases through a around the sides.
narrow channel as a fricative.

● /tʃ/ - air is blocked with tongue

just beyond the alveolar ridge ● /l/ - place the tip of the tongue at the
alveolar ridge
● /dʒ/ - air is blocked with tongue
just beyond the alveolar ridge
 Nguyễn Thị Lan Anh
Approximant 19D170073

When two articulators come close together but not

quite close enough to create air turbulence.

Notice how your tongue never actually comes in

contact with the top of your mouth.

● /w/ - back of tongue raises to velum and lips are

rounded

● /j/ - tongue raises to hard palate

● /r/ - tongue raises to hard palate

3. Voicing

Voiced Consonants Voiceless Consonants

Occur when the vocal cords There is no vocal cord vibration
vibrate when the sound are when producing voiceless sounds.
produced.

Example Example
/b/, /d/, /g/, /v/, /z/, /j/,… /p/, /t/, /k/, /f/,…

Bùi Ánh
 Table of Voicing
Manner Places of articulations
Bilabi Labial- Den- Alveo Palato- Palato Vel-ar Glot-
al dental tal lar aveolar tal
Plosive b, p t, d k, g
Fricative f, v ɵ, ð s, z ʃ, ʒ h
Affricate ʧ, ʤ
Nasal m n ŋ
Lateral

Approximant w r j

Bùi Ánh
Describing

For example, for the sound [d]:

Overview
- Place of articulation = alveolar.
We classify consonants along
three major dimensions: - Manner of articulation = oral stop.

- Voicing = voiced.
- place of articulation
- manner of articulation
- voicing

Mạc Đăng Dương

III. Describe and identify
English consonants

Mạc Đăng Dương

● [p] voiceless bilabial plosive [f] voiceless labiodental fricative

● [b] voiced bilabial plosive [v] voiced labiodental fricative

● [t] voiceless alveolar plosive [θ] voiceless dental fricative

● [d] voiced alveolar plosive [ð] voiced dental fricative

● [k] voiceless velar plosive [s] voiceless alveolar fricative

● [ɡ] voiced velar plosive [z] voiced alveolar fricative

● [tʃ] voiceless postalveolar affricate [ʃ] voiceless postalveolar fricative

● [dʒ] voiced postalveolar affricate [ʒ] voiced postalveolar fricative

● [m] voiced bilabial nasal [ɹ] voiced retroflex approximant

● [n] voiced alveolar nasal [j] voiced palatal approximant

● [ŋ] voiced velar nasal [w] voiced labial + vela approximant

● [l] voiced alveolar lateral approximant [h] voiceless glottal fricative

Mạc Đăng Dương

 NGUYỄN THỊ BÌNH

IV.PRACTICE

Here starts the

exercises!
 NGUYỄN THỊ BÌNH

EXERCISE 1: FIND THE SIMILARITY (S) AND DIFFERENCE (D)

BETWEEN THESE PAIRS OF SOUNDS AND EXPLAIN THE REASON.

1. /p,b/ and /k,g/ 2. /t,d/ and /s,z/

S: manner - plossive S: location- alveolar

D: location - D: manner- /t,d/: plossive
/p,b/:bilabial /s,z/: fricative
/k,g/:velar
3. /m,n/ and /r,j/ 4. /n,l/ and /t,s/

S: voice - voiced S: location- alveolar

D: manner - /m,n/: nasal D: voice - /n,l/ : voiced
/r,j / : /t,s/ :
approximant voiceless
 NGUYỄN THỊ BÌNH

5. /s,z/ and /ʃ,ʒ/ 6. /f, θ/ and /v,ð/

S: manner – fricative S: manner – fricative

D: location - /s,z/ : alveolar D: voice - /f, θ/ :
/ʃ,ʒ/ : plato alveolar voiceless
/v,ð/ : voiced

7. /n,l/ and /g, η/

S: voice: voiced
D: location - /n,l/: alveolar
/g, η/: velar
 NGUYỄN THỊ BÌNH

EXERCISE 2: CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER

1. Which of the following words begins with 4. The consonants /n/&/z/ are different
voiceless, plato-alveolar, fricative sound. from each other in their....
A. Length B. Place of articulation
A. Soldier B. Sound C. Song D.
Sugar D
D C. Voicing D. Manner of articulation
2. Which of the following words doesn’t
contain voiced, bilabial, plossive sound
D
A. Bag B. Burn C. Lobby D. 5. Sounds produced with a momentarily
Comb total obstruction to the airflow are..
D
3. A sound produced while the vocal cord A. Plossives B. Fricative
not vibrating is called
A. Voiced B. Consonant C. Voiceless D. C. Nasal D. approximants
Vowel C A
 NGUYỄN THỊ BÌNH

6. Which of the following sounds is 9. Which of the following is the

the final sound in «climb» final sound of «red»
A. /b/ B. /p/ C. /m/ D. /η/
A. Voiced alveolar fricative
C B. Voiced dental plossive
7. The location of the first sound in C. Voiced alveolar plossive
«could» is ... D. Voiceless alveolar
A. Alveolar B. Palatal C. Dental D. Velar plossive
C
D
8. Which of the following words doesn’t 10. Which of the following
contain /ʃ/ words contains /tʃ/
A. Shop B. Soup C. Sure D. A. Chat B. Champagne C. Chef D.
Ship Choir
B A
 Exercise 3: Choose the
correct answer a,b,c,or d.

Here starts the

exercises!

Lưu Hà
1.Circle the word that begins with a voiceless
labiodental fricative consonant.

a. vat b. than

c. shine d. feast

Lưu Hà
2. Circle the word that the consonant in the
middle is a voiced velar nasal consonant.

a. bigger b. thinner

c. longing d. swimming

Lưu Hà
3.The sound that does not belong with the rest

a. / j / b. / w /

c. / r / d. / ʃ /

Lưu Hà
4.The sound that does not belong with the rest.

a. / ʒ / b. / d /

c. / s/ d. / l /

Lưu Hà
5.The sound that does not belong with the rest

a. / n / b. / d /

c. / k / d. / t /

Lưu Hà
6. The sound that does not belong with the rest

a. / b / b. / d /

c. / g / d. / s /

Lưu Hà
7. The sound that does not belong with the rest

a. / s / b. / f /

c. / p/ d. / ð /

Lưu Hà
8. The sound that does not belong with the rest

a. / ð / b. / p/

c. / z / d. / v /

Lưu Hà
9. The word that ends with a voiceless dental
fricative consonant.

a. wife b. with

c. breathe d. bombs

Lưu Hà
10. Circle the word that ends with a voiced
alveolar nasal consonant.

a. mining b. bat

c. known d. picked

Lưu Hà
 Exercise 4 : Write one
word only for each answer

Lưu Hà
1. Consonants are the sounds in the
productions of which one articulator moves
towards another or two articulators come
together, obstructing the ……….. and the air-
stream can’t get out freely.

air-stream

Lưu Hà
2. Consonants are often classified by being
given a so called VPM-label VPM stands for
Voicing, place and ………

manner

Lưu Hà
3. The ……….. of articulation is the location
of the obstruction of the air-stream in the
articulation of consonants.

place

Lưu Hà
4. …… are the sounds made with the two
lips pressed together or coming together,
including /p/, /b/, /m/, /w/.

bilabials

Lưu Hà
5. …….. are the sounds, which are produced
with the air-stream being stopped in the oval
cavity and the soft palate. is raised blocking
off the nasal cavity. Then the two articulators
com apart quickly and the air escapes
through the oral tract.

plosives

Lưu Hà
 Nguyễn Thị Lan Anh 04

Exercise 5: following
statement are True or
False

Here starts the

exercises!
 Nguyễn Thị Lan Anh 04

1.(z, v) The production of these sounds involves

vibration of the vocal cords. F
2. (o, u, a) In the production of these sound the lips
are rounded F
3. Voiced sounds are those that make our vocal
chords vibrate when they are produced. T
4.Voiceless dental non-sibilant fricative is a type of
consonantal sound. T
5.Plosives are produced with complete closure in
the vocal tract followed by a gradual release. F
 Nguyễn Thị Lan Anh 04

Exercise 6 : Write one

word only for each answer
1. A nasal consonant is produced with a
lowered velum in the mouth, allowing air to
escape freely through the nose (m,n)

Nguyễn Thị Lan Anh 04

2. The place of articulation refers to that area
in one of the resonating cavities (larynx,
mouth) where the articulator are opposing
some kind of stricture or obstacle to the
passing of air

Nguyễn Thị Lan Anh 04

3. The manner of articulation refer to the
way the articulators are set so that the
resonance effect is possible

Nguyễn Thị Lan Anh 04

4. Voicing refers to the activity of the vocal
folds. When the vocal folds are wide apart,
consonants are said to be voiceless, when they
are closely together and vibrating, consonants
are said to voiced.

Nguyễn Thị Lan Anh 04

5. Plosives consonants are made by
completely blocking the flow or air as it leaves
the body, normally followed by releasing the
air.

Nguyễn Thị Lan Anh 04

 Cao Thị Thu Duyên

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