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School of Mechanical Engineering

Course Name: Fluid Mechanics

and Machinery
Course Code: MEC203
Semester : III
Dr. K. Anand,

1 SAP/SoME
 Kinematics
branch of fluid mechanics that describes the fluid
motion and its consequences without the
consideration of the nature of forces causing the
motion

Objectives
 To develop the methods and techniques for describing
and specifying the motion of the fluids
 To characterise different types of motion and
associated deformation rates of any fluid element
 To determine the conditions for the kinematic
possibility of fluid motions
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 Kinematics
Scalar and vector

Scalar – a quantity that can be completely specified

by a single number representing its magnitude
Eg. Mass, temperature and density

Vector – quantity that is specified by both magnitude

and direction
Eg. Force, velocity and displacement

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 Kinematics
Scalar and vector fields

Scalar field – If at every point in a region, a scalar

function has a defined value, then the region is
called a scalar field
Eg. Temperature distribution in a rod

Vector field – If at every point in a region, a vector

function has a defined value, then the region is called
a vector field
Eg. Force and velocity fields

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 Kinematics
Description of fluid motion

Fluid – a fluid mass can be conceived of consisting

of a number of fluid particles

Flow field – a region in which the flow is defined at

each and every point at any instant of time
Eg. a flow field is described by the velocities at
different points in the region at different times

Fluid motion can be defined 1. Lagrangian method

2. Eulerian method

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 Kinematics
Description of fluid motion

Lagrangian method – fluid motion is described

by tracing the kinematic behaviour of each and
every individual particle constituting the flow
Identities of the particles are made by specifying
their initial position at a given time
the position of a particle at any instant of time
becomes a function of its identity and time

Analytically,

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 Kinematics
Description of fluid motion

- Position vector of the particle at a time t

- Initial position at a given time t = t0

Scalar components w.r.t. to cartesian frame of

coordinates is given as

- being the initial coordinates

- being coordinates at any time t

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 Kinematics
Description of fluid motion

are the unit vectors in

directions respectively

Velocity and acceleration can be defined from the

material derivatives of the position of particle w.r.t. time

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 Kinematics
Description of fluid motion

In terms of scalar components

are the components in directions

respectively

For the acceleration

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 Kinematics
Description of fluid motion
Components in the respective directions can
be given as

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 Thank you

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