LIFE CYCLE OF A PLANT

CLASSIFICATION OF THE
PLANTS

Flower- Cone- Spore-

bearing bearing bearing
plants plants plants
 Flower-bearing plants
 The life cycle of a flower-bearing plants or angiosperm begins with a
seed, which is formed from a flower or enclosed in a fruit. The seed will
stay dormant or inactive without proper conditions such as water, air,
temperature, and soil.

 Germination is the process of the seed embryo’s growth. The root of

the embryo will emerge downward outside the seed coat while the shoot
(leaves and stems) will emerge upward resulting in a sprout. The sprout
will grow into a seedling with the help of sunlight, water, and air. The
seedling will develop branches with more leaves and will turn into a
young plant.
Flower-bearing plants
 Flower-bearing plants
Over time, the young plant will develop into an adult plant.
The adult plant can reproduce through its flowers. When
flowers undergo pollination or transfer of pollen from
stamen to pistil, its ovary matures and turns into a fruit . The
fruit contains the seeds of the same plant. When the fruit
ripens, the seeds inside it may be dispersed or scattered by
animals, wind, and water. As the seeds are released from the
fruit, they are ready to germinate again which repeats the
cycle of plant’s growth.
Flower-bearing plants
 Life Cycle of Cone-Bearing Plants
 Some plants have seeds but comes in different form. Gymnosperms or the
cone-bearing plants is a group of naked seed-producing plants that
includes conifers and cycads. The seed of gymnosperms come in the form
of a cone that is not enclosed inside a fruit.

 The male cones are usually smaller and made of softer material than the
female cones. Male cones produce pollen sacs . These sacs contain pollen
grains. Each pollen grain contains sperm cells. When male cones mature,
pollen grains are released from the pollen sac. Pollen grains of conifers
usually have wing-shaped tips that help them stay aloft as they are
dispersed through the wind. This helps them pollinate over a larger area.
 Life Cycle of Cone-Bearing Plants

The female cones are sometimes called seed cones or woody cones .
This contain the ovule which is the structure that forms and enclose
the plant egg cells. Female cones are bigger and harder than the male
counterpart. It is also harder due to woodier material compared to
male cones. The female cones are made up of structures called
scales .
Each scale contains two ovules which produces egg cells.
Life Cycle of Cone-Bearing Plants
 Life Cycle of Cone-Bearing Plants

Reproduction begins when male cones release pollen grains. When a

pollen grain lands on an ovule inside the female cone, it will grow a
pollen tube until it penetrates the egg cell. Once the pollen tube
reaches the egg cell, sperm cells will move through the tube, to
fertilize the egg cell. After fertilization, a zygote will form. The seed
is created when the zygote develops into an embryo with an
endosperm that would provide its nutrients.
 Life Cycle of Cone-Bearing Plants
A conifer seed typically has a wing. When seeds are mature, they are
released from the dried up cone scales. The winged structure and the
wind help conifer seeds disperse over a wider area. These seeds will
then grow and form the new generation of cone-bearing plants.
Life Cycle of Cone-Bearing Plants
Life Cycle of Cone-Bearing Plants
 Life Cycle of Spore-Bearing Plants
Plants like ferns do not have
seeds but still reproduce through
spores. Spores are very light,
tiny parts of plants that are
quickly dispersed by the wind.
These are often found at
the back of the leaves.
 Life Cycle of Spore-Bearing Plants
The life cycle of spore-bearing plants begin when spores are
released through the wind and begin to germinate. Spores usually
grow in damp areas. The result of spore germination is known as the
gametophyte . The gametophyte is the form of spore-bearing plants
that is responsible for the production of sex cells. The male and
female sex cells unite and forms the zygote that will develop and
form a young plant, also known as the sporophyte .
 Life Cycle of Spore-Bearing Plants
As the sporophyte grows, it will
develop and form sporangium
which bears spores. This is the
start of the new cycle for
another generation of spore-
bearing plants.
 Homework # 2
List 5 examples of the following:

1. Flower - bearing plants

2. Cone - bearing plants

3. Spore – bearing plants

 Videos
https://youtu.be/AykzPemLs7Q - Angiosperm

https://youtu.be/2gWEgrMwMe0 - Gymnosperm

https://youtu.be/eZ40LDWt678 - Know how to

spread your spore and reproduce.