COMPONENTS OF

GRAMMAR
GAMBOA, Bernadeth O.
BSED ENG-12
WHAT IS GRAMMAR?
 GRAMMAR
 the collection of principles defining how to put together
a sentence
 a Greek word which means “craft of letters”
 In any language, grammar is:
① the systematic study and description of a
language (as compared with usage);
② a set of rules and examples dealing with the
syntax and word structures (morphology) of
a language
COMPONENTS OF
GRAMMAR
COMPONENTS OF GRAMMAR
 phonetics and phonology
 morphology
 syntax
 semantics
 pragmatics
PHONETICS AND
PHONOLOGY
 PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY
PHONETICS
 study of human/individual speech sounds
 sounds are categorized according to:
a) production (articulatory)

[ b) transmission (acoustic)
c) perception (auditive)
① phones (human sounds)
② phonemes (units which distinguish
meaning in a language)
③ allophones (non-distinctive units)
 PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY
PHONOLOGY
 study of phonemes, which are the speech sounds
of an individual language
 classification of the sounds within the system of a
particular language or language
MORPHOLOGY
 MORPHOLOGY
 study of words
 subdiscipline devoted to the study of the distribution
and form of “morphemes”

MORPHEMES
 minimal units of words that have a meaning and
cannot be subdivided further
① free morphemes – can occur alone
② bound morphemes – must occur with another
morpheme
EXAMPLE:

bad

badly
-ly

Free morpheme: bad

Bound morpheme: -ly
Word: badly
SYNTAX
 SYNTAX
 studies the structure and formation of sentences
 it explains how words and phrases are arranged to form
correct sentences
 rules that govern the ways in which words combine to form
phrases, clauses, and sentences
 comes from the Greek, meaning “arrange together,” or the
study of the syntactic properties of a language
SEMANTICS
 SEMANTICS
 study of the meaning of words and sentences
 it concerns with the relation of linguistic forms to non-
linguistic concepts and mental representations
PRAGMATICS
 PRAGMATICS
 study of the use of natural language in communication
 the study of the relations between languages and their users
 outlines the study of meaning in the interactional context
 basis for all language interactions and contact
 key feature to the understanding of language and the
responses that follow this
 REFERENCES
Chung S., & Pullum G. (n. d.). Grammar.
https://www.linguisticsociety.org/resource/grammar

Nordquist, R. (2020, January 27). English Grammar: Discussions,

Definitions, and Examples. https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-
grammar-1690909

Phoneics and Phonology. (n. d.) https://www.uni-

due.de/ELE/Phonetics.htm#:~:text=%E2%80%A2,perception
%20(auditive)%20of%20sounds
Introduction to Language. (n. d.).
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-
psychology/chapter/introduction-to-language/

Marantz, A. (2016). Morphology.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-
dentistry/morphology

What is Morphology?. (n. d.).

https://ielanguages.com/morphology.html

Rangelova, R., & Blakeley, S. (2020, July 9). What Is

Syntax in Linguistics? - Definition & Overview.
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-syntax-in-
linguistics-definition-overview.html
Nordquist, R. (2020, January 25). Definition and
Examples of Syntax. https://www.thoughtco.com/syntax-
grammar-1692182

Introduction to Semantics. (2020, June 4).

https://www.expert.ai/blog/introduction-to-semantics/

Chauhan, Y., Duignan, B., & Rodriguez, E. (n. d.)

Pragmatics.
https://www.britannica.com/science/pragmatics

What is Pragmatics?. (n. d.) https://all-about-

linguistics.group.shef.ac.uk/branches-of-
linguistics/pragmatics/what-is-pragmatics/
THANK YOU!