FIRST AID

&
GENERAL PAIN

Seminar
19 May 2020
﷽
In the name of Allah Who is the most beneficial & Most Merciful
MALIK MUHAMMAD AWAIS HASSAN AWAAN
DPT, UHS Final Year
Founder AVI Series
Author of 6 Medical Books
Director GEMS Education System
8 years of Teaching experience
FIRST AID
Content
• Introduction
• Objective
• Steps
• Video
 ‫قرآن میں ہے کہ‬
‫اہا َفکَاَن َّ َمٓا ا َ ْحیَا‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ح‬
‫َ َ ْ ََ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ا‬‫ن‬‫ْ‬ ‫م‬‫و‬ ‫‪    ‬‬

‫اس َج ِمیْ ًعا‪ ‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ال‬

‫سورۃ مائدہ آیت ‪32‬‬

‫َ‬ ‫ّ‬
‫‪’’ ‬اور جس نے اُس (کسی ایک انسان) ‪ ‬کی جان بچائی تو گـویا اُس نے‬
‫نوع انسانی کو زندہ کر دیا۔ ‪،،‬‬
‫پوری ِ‬
 WHAT IS FIRST AID
“First aid is, as the term suggests, the initial or first help that is given to
an injured or ill person.”

First aid can be confused with
medical aid, which is treatment
by a doctor or other qualified
person such as a nurse or
ambulance officer
First aid begins  at the scene
of an accident and continues The most obvious objective of
until the casualty recovers or first aid is to save lives.
medical aid arrives. Can be provided by anyone.
The most obvious objective of
first aid is to save lives.
 THE OBJECTIVE
CAN BE SIMPLIFIED INTO THE FIVE PS .

First Aid

Procure
Preserve Protect Prevent injury
or illness becoming
Promote
medical
life the unconscious worse recovery
aid
 STEPS
Plan of action
In an emergency situation, we have to have a set of priorities in our ‘plan of action

• A person cannot usually die from a broken bone.

• The most widely used plan of action is the DR-ABCD plan, in which each letter stands for
something a first aider should do, and in the correct order.

D Danger
R Response
A Airway
B Breathing
C CPR
D De
fibrillator
D • Danger
Check for and remove any danger to:
• yourself
• the casualty
• the bystander.
 R • Response
Are you Gently shake and loudly shout. If the casualty:
• Responds, check and control serious bleeding
Ok?
• Does not respond, proceed with ABCD.

‫کیا آپ‬
‫ٹھیک ہیں‬

‫تسی‬
‫ٹھیک او‬
 Call Medical team
Call  Bystanders must call emergency medical team
The following checklist contains details needed when seeking medical aid:
 Location
 Name of district
 Name of street, road, highway
 Nearest corner or cross street
 Distance from major town or landmark
 Detail of accident (type)

1 mins from
Punjab Canal
Lahore PU Gate 2 canal Bank Fighting
University Road
Road
 A • Airway
Open the mouth and clear if needed.
Clear and open the airway (tilt the head and support the jaw).
B • Breathing
 Look for signs of life — is the lower chest or
abdomen rising and falling?
 Listen — can you hear breathing sounds?
 Feel — can you feel breathing?
 B • Bleeding
Bleeding may be controlled by using pressure and
elevation as follows.
1. Lay the casualty down.
2. Apply direct pressure to the site of the bleeding.
Pressure can be applied in a number of ways:
 Using your hand
 Tying a piece of clothing around the wound
 Making a pad and using a bandage to hold it in
place.
 C • CPR
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

If the casualty is not breathing and is unconscious, CPR must be commenced immediately.
The presence of a pulse is no longer checked prior to commencement of, or during, CPR.
After 30 compressions, 2 breaths are given.
-
 D • Defibrillator

 Defibrillators are devices that restore

a normal heartbeat by sending an
electric pulse or shock to the heart.
 They are used to prevent or correct an
arrhythmia, a heartbeat that is uneven
or that is too slow or too fast. 
 Defibrillators can also restore the
heart's beating if the heart suddenly
stops.

Defibrillators can be used by qualified rescue personnel such as paramedics .

TOWARDS NEARBY HOSPITAL
PAI
Be patient and tough; someday
this pain will be useful to you. 
 ‫قرآن میں ہے کہ‬

‫ت َف ُه َو يَ ْش ِف ِ‬
‫ين‬ ‫ِإ َذا َم ِر ْض ُ‬
‫اور جب میں بیمار ہوتا ہوں تو مجھے شفا دیتا ہے‬
‫سورۃ الشعراء آیت ‪80‬‬
 CONTENT
• Introduction / definition
• Reason why feel pain
• Mechanism of feeling pain
• Causes
• Examples
• Referred pain
 WHAT IS PAIN
“Pain is an unpleasant sensation”

“Pain is an unpleasant sensory and

emotional experience associated  actual
or potential tissue damage”

International Association for the Study of Pain

 WHY FEEL PAIN?

• Gives conscious awareness of tissue damage

• Protection:
• Remove body from danger
• Promote healing by preventing further damage
• Avoid noxious stimuli
• Elicits behavioral and emotional responses
 MECHANISM OF FEELING PAIN

• There are receptors of every sensation

• So as far for pain also
• Receptors of pain is called Nociceptors
Nociceptors

Superficial Deep / internal

 CAUSES OF PAIN

• Tissue damage • Tissue Ischemia • Muscle spasm

 EXAMPLES OF PAIN

We will discuss only common examples of pain,

Because there are vast varieties of pain with
different aspect of pathologies
 REFERRED PAIN

• Pain originating from organs perceived as coming from

skin
• Site of pain may be distant from organ
• Pain in a part of the body that is fairly remote from the
tissue causing the pain. This is called referred pain.
 TYPES OF PAIN

1. Cutaneous pain
• Skin and subcutaneous tissues
• Accurately localized
2. Deep somatic pain
• Muscles, Tendons, Joints, Ligaments
3. Visceral pain
• Poorly localize, radiates or refers
 CHEST PAIN
• Angina is chest pain or discomfort caused when your heart muscle
doesn't get enough oxygen-rich blood
• The discomfort also can occur in your shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or
back.
• Medicine
 Nitroglycerin
 Aspirin.
 Thrombolytic drugs.
 Blood thinners.
 Acid-suppressing medications. (ulcer) Antidepressants
 HEADACHE
• A headache can be a sign of stress or
emotional distress, or it can result
from a medical disorder, such as
migraine or high blood pressure,
anxiety, or depression. It can lead to
other problems. 
• Treatment

1.Rest in a quiet, dark room.

2.Hot or cold compresses to your head or neck.
3.Massage and small amounts of caffeine.
4.Panadol
5.Consult doctor if sustained
 TOOTHACHE 
•  Tooth pain is caused when the nerve in the root of a tooth or surrounding a tooth is irritated.
• Dental (tooth) infection, decay, injury, or loss of a tooth are the most common causes of
dental pain. 
• Pain may also occur after an extraction (tooth is pulled out)
• Treatment

1.Salt water rinse.

2.Cold compress.
3.Peppermint tea bags.
4.Garlic.
5.Vanilla extract.
6.Clove.
7.Guava leaves
 EAR PAIN
• Ear infections are the most common cause of ear pain.
• People with ear infections often have other symptoms, such as sinus pressure or a sore
throat because infections from nearby areas may affect the ear
• Treatment

1.Apply a cold washcloth to the ear.

2.Avoid getting the ear wet.
3.Sit upright to help relieve ear pressure.
4.Use over-the-counter (OTC) ear drops.
5.Take OTC pain relievers.
6.Chew gum to help relieve pressure.
7.Feed an infant to help them relieve their pressure.
 BACKACHE
• Back pain, also known as backache, is pain felt in the back.
• The back is divided into neck pain (cervical), middle back pain (thoracic), lower back pain
(lumbar) or coccydynia (tailbone or sacral pain) based on the segment affected.
• The lumbar area is the most common area affected.
• Treatment

Your doctor may also prescribe physical therapy, including: Some medications your doctor may prescribe include:
•massage •muscle relaxants
•stretching •nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
•strengthening exercises •corticosteroid injections
•back and spinal manipulation
 JOINT PAIN
• Pain is also a feature of joint inflammation (arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis and
osteoarthritis) and infection, and extremely rarely it can be a cause of cancer of the joint. 
• Pain within the joint is a common cause of shoulder pain, ankle pain, and knee pain. 
• Joint pain is also referred to as arthralgia.
• Treatment

•It may help to use topical pain relievers or take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce pain,
swelling, and inflammation.
•Physiotherapy (massage, stretching and active exercises)
 ABDOMINAL PAIN
Types of abdominal pain
• This type of pain is often caused by problems in a particular organ.
• The most common cause of localized pain is stomach ulcers (open sores on the inner lining of
the stomach).
• Cramp-like pain may be associated with diarrhea, constipation, bloating, or flatulence
• Treatment

Diarrhea
Constipation Bloating
Drink plenty of clear liquids,
1.rink more water. ... 1.over-the-counter medications,
including water, broths and
2.Eat more fiber including antacids
juices. Avoid caffeine and
3.Exercise more. ... 2.applying a heat pad to the stomach.
alcohol. Add semisolid and
4.Drink coffee, especially caffeinated 3.drinking water.
low-fiber foods gradually as
coffee. ... 4.eating peppermint.
your bowel movements
5.Over-the-counter or 5.drinking carbonated water.
return to normal
prescription laxatives
 PAINFUL URINATION
• Painful urination is a common sign of a urinary tract infection (UTI).
• A UTI can be the result of a bacterial infection.
• It can also be due to inflammation of the urinary tract.
• The urethra, bladder, ureters, and kidneys make up your urinary tract
• Treatment

1. Ibuprofen
2. Citralka
3. Antibiotic (ciprox)
 ANY
QUESTION
PRESENTATION BY AVI SERIES
avihomelahore08@gmail.com http://Facebook.com/avihomelahore
‫جزاک ہللا‬
MALIK MUHAMMAD AWAIS HASSAN AWAAN