UNIT 1

LESSON 4
PRELIMINARY Recent Trends
CONCEPTS AND and Focus
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
familiarize the different trends in assessment aligned to the 21st century skills
understand the concept of Item Response Theory
RECENT
TRENDS
ACCOUNTABILITY AND
FAIRNESS
Accountability means holding everyone with responsibilities to high
standards of performance.
 We look to school districts and states to invest in classroom resources and
support teachers
 We look to principals to establish a safe, welcoming and rigorous school
culture with a coherent and compelling vision for learning and growth.
 We look to teachers to model that love of learning — learn new ways to
engage students, master their subject matter, seek advice and accept critical
feedback, and get better at their craft every year.
 We look to parents to partner in their child’s education — make learning a
priority at home, advocate for their child, and understand how they can help
make things better in their children’s classrooms and schools.
ACCOUNTABILITY AND
FAIRNESS
In practice, fairness is often defined synonymously with equity. In educational
testing, equity in the opportunity to learn and to demonstrate that learning is
fundamentally valued and most often assumed during test construction, even where
evidence suggests otherwise. On a more technical level, equity often refers to
conditions where a test’s measurement properties are similar across different
examinee groups—that the scores produced are not biased in favor of or against any
student groups. 
We  do not, however, require equal test scores. To do so would be to say that we do
not need the test, for if the purpose of educational testing is to measure how much a
student has learned, then the same score for all students would make the results
meaningless and unnecessary. We expect students to perform differently. Of course,
what concerns us is when differences in student outcomes fall across student groups
that share traits such as gender, race, ethnicity, disability, and socio-economic status.
Such disparities can have profound negative consequences. 
STANDARDS-BASED
EDUCATION
refers to systems of instruction, assessment, grading, and academic reporting
that are based on students demonstrating understanding or mastery of the
knowledge and skills they are expected to learn as they progress through their
education
is a method of evaluating student skill mastery. SBE is intended to help
students, families, and teachers understand accurately how students are
doing as they work on developing their skills. 
It is not an assignment-based or productivity-mindset way of understanding
what children can do.
OUTCOME-BASED
EDUCATION
 it means that the assessment process must be aligned with the learning
outcomes. This means that it should support the learners in their progress
(formative assessment) and validate the achievement of the intended learning
outcomes at the end of the process (summative assessment).
ITEM RESPONSE THEORY
in its simplest implementation — named Rasch model [2] — it leverages the
answers given by a set of students to a set of assessment items to estimate the
skill level of each student and the difficulty of each item
Watch the video given the link provided below:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TpPK7E_FU4c
LET’S PRACTICE!
Go to www.kahoot.it and wait for your instructor to give the code for the
quiz.