Spreadsheets

Spreadsheets
 A spreadsheet is an application designed for managing and organizing the data in tabular
format.

 Lets users arrange data in rows and columns of a grid, allowing them to be manipulated and
used in calculations

 Each cell may contain either numeric or text data, or the results of formulas that
automatically calculate and display a value based on the contents of other cells

 Spreadsheets use formulas to process data and perform integrated calculations.

 Features of Spreadsheets
The following are some of the basic features of spreadsheets:
Visual Design
allow you to lay figures out on a grid, calculating and manipulating them visually.

Automatic Calculations
gives you the ability to enter mathematical formulas ranging from simple arithmetic to complex
statistics.

Dynamic Updates
you can create a cell with a value generated dynamically based on other cells.
Because the value displayed in the cell is based on the values in two other cells, the cell
dynamically updates when you change either of the referenced cells.

Data Analysis
the ability to analyze data in ways other than simply looking at grids and lines.
 ACTIVITY
Open a NEW Blank Workbook.
Type the given data and find the values using EXCEL Functions: SUM, AVERAGE, COUNT
 How spreadsheets work
One spreadsheet file consists of one or
more worksheets.
Each worksheet appears as a grid, in
which each row is represented by a
number and each column is represented
by a letter ascending alphabetically from
left to right.
The spaces that hold items of data are
called cells.
Rows and columns are labeled to give
each cell a cell address or reference
 Formulas under Spreadsheets
A spreadsheet can also be set up with an equation to perform involving a set of data
Formulas in a spreadsheet are generally math equations and can be tailored to a specific set of data.
The equal sign (=) is used to start up an equation.

Arithmetic Operators
The order of precedence indicates which will be computed first. Groupings come first, which are
those enclosed in parentheses.
 Spreadsheet Functions
A function is a standard operation used to perform common tasks. 
It involves using formulas with reserved words.
A function begins with an equals sign (=) followed by the name of the function, then the
details of the function enclosed in parentheses ()

If the symbol = sign is not found, Microsoft Excel will recognize the entry as plain text. 
 The parts of a function
Each function has a specific order—called syntax —which must be followed in order for the
function to work correctly
The basic syntax to create a formula with a function is to insert an 
equals sign (=), function name, and argument

NOTE: 
Separator may differ depend on the LANGUAGE Settings of your computer – COLON, SEMI COLON, COMMA
 SUM function
The SUM function, adds values. You can add individual values, cell references or ranges or a mix of all three.
Syntax:
SUM(number1,[number2],...)
Argument name Description
number1    The first number you want to add. The number can be like 4, a cell reference like B6,
(Required) or a cell range like B2:B8.
number2-255    This is the second number you want to add. You can specify up to 255 numbers in
(Optional) this way

NOTE: 
There is no SUBTRACT function in Excel. To subtract values by using a function, use the negative values
with the SUM function. 
 AVERAGE function
Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of the arguments
Syntax:
AVERAGE(number1, [number2], ...)
Argument name Description
number1    The first number, cell reference, or range for which you want the average.
(Required)
Number2, ...    Optional. Additional numbers, cell references or ranges for which you want the
(Optional) average, up to a maximum of 255.

NOTE: 
If you want to calculate the average of only the values that meet certain criteria, use the AVERAGEIF function or
the AVERAGEIFS function 
 COUNT function
The COUNT function counts the number of cells that contain numbers, and counts numbers within the
list of arguments.
Use the COUNT function to get the number of entries in a number field that is in a range or array of
numbers.
Syntax
COUNT(value1, [value2], ...)
Argument name Description
value1    The first item, cell reference, or range within which you want to count numbers.
(Required)
value2, ...    Up to 255 additional items, cell references, or ranges within which you want to
(Optional) count numbers.

NOTE: 
The arguments can contain or refer to a variety of different types of data, but only numbers are counted.
 COUNTA function
Excel COUNTA function counts all cells that are not blank, whether they contain numbers, dates, times,
text, logical values of TRUE and FALSE, errors or empty text strings ("")
Syntax
COUNTA(value1, [value2], ...)

Argument name Description

value1    The first item, cell reference, or range within which you want to count.
(Required)
value2, ...    Up to 255 additional items, cell references, or ranges within which you want to
(Optional) count.
 COUNTIF function
Use COUNTIF to count the number of cells that meet a criterion
The COUNTIF function supports logical operators (>,<,<>,=) and wildcards (*,?) for partial matching.
Syntax:
= COUNTIF(range; criteria)
In its simplest form, COUNTIF says: =COUNTIF(Where do you want to look?; What do you want to look for?)
Argument name Description
range   The range of cells to count
criteria The criteria that controls which cells should be counted.

NOTE:
Criteria aren't case sensitive. Be sure to enclose the criteria argument in quotes.
 IF function
The IF function may be used to apply a condition to your data.
Ask Excel to test a certain condition and return one value or perform one calculation if the condition is met,
and another value or calculation if the condition is not met:
Syntax:
IF(logical_test, [value_if_true], [value_if_false])
Argument name Description
logical_test Any value or expression that can be evaluated to TRUE or FALSE.
value_if_true The value that is returned if the logical test is TRUE. If omitted, TRUE is returned.
value_if_false The value that is returned if the logical test is FALSE. If omitted, FALSE is returned.
 Nested IF
This Nested IF function demonstrates how to nest two IF functions. You can nest up to 7 IF functions.
Nested IFs have a their own logical flow, since the "outer" IFs act like a gateway to "inner" IFs.
This means that results from outer IFs determine whether inner IFs even run.
Syntax:
IF( condition1, value_if_true1, IF( condition2, value_if_true2, value_if_false2 ))
IF condition1 THEN
value_if_true1
ELSEIF condition2 THEN
value_if_true2
ELSE
value_if_false2
END IF

NOTE:
If you have Excel 2016, try the new IFS function instead of nesting multiple IF functions.
 MAX function
Returns the largest value in a set of values.

Syntax:
MAX(number1, [number2], ...)
Argument name Description
Number1, number2, ... Number1 is required, subsequent numbers are optional.
1 to 255 numbers for which you want to find the maximum value.
 MIN function
Returns the smallest number in a set of values.

Syntax:
MIN(number1, [number2], ...)
Argument name Description
Number1, number2, ... Number1 is required, subsequent numbers are optional.
1 to 255 numbers for which you want to find the maximum value.
 CONDITIONAL FORMATTING
This menu allows you to select the type of Excel Conditional Formatting that you want to apply to your cell(s).
This can be either:

Highlight Cells Rules 

Apply formatting to cells that satisfy a specific condition (e.g. greater than, equal to, Duplicate Values, etc.);

Top/Bottom Rules 
Apply formatting to cells that satisfy a statistical condition in relation to other cells in the range (e.g. above
average, within top 10%, etc.);

Data Bars / Color Scales / Icon Sets 

Apply formatting to all cells in the range, depending on their value in relation to one another;

New rule... 
Allows you to specify more complex rules, such as rules that depend on the result of a formula.
 CONDITIONAL FORMATTING
Excel Conditional Formatting can be used to alter the formatting of an Excel cell based on either:
 The value of the current cell;
 The value of another cell in the current worksheet;
 The result of a formula (which may rely on the contents of the current cell and/or other cells in the
current worksheet).
 VLOOKUP
What is Vlookup?
Vlookup (short for 'vertical' lookup) is a built-in Excel function that is designed to work with data that
is organized into columns.
This function will search  or 'looks up‘ for a piece of information in a large table of data and pull in
any field from that table into your new table.
Syntax:
VLOOKUP( lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup] )
 VLOOKUP
lookup_value - The value that you want to search for.

table_array - The array of data that is to be searched for the lookup_value.

Note: The Vlookup function searches in the left-most column of this array.

col_index_num - An integer, specifying the column number of the supplied table_array, that you want to
return a value from.

[range_lookup] - An optional logical argument that describes what the function should return in the event
that it does not find an exact match to the lookup_value.

The [range_lookup] can be set to TRUE or FALSE, meaning:

TRUE - If an exact match is not found, use the closest match belowthe lookup_value.

Note: if this option is used, the left-hand column of the table_array must be in ascending
order.

FALSE - If an exact match to the lookup_value is not found, return an error.If

the [range_lookup] value is omitted, it uses the default value of TRUE.
 VLOOKUP
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 PRACTICE
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