PAG VISIBLE NA ANG

SLIDES SABIHIN NIYO

“Owshiii”
 PHILOSOPHY
AND THE
DEVELOPMENT
OF LOGIC
Lesson 1
 OBJECTIVES
1. Discuss the importance of philosophy and
logic;
2. Describe the development of logic in its
four historical phase;
3. Reflect on the value of love of wisdom
and critical thinking in their everyday
engagements.
 PHILOSOPHY
● NOMINAL DEFINITION (explains what a name means)
Philosophy comes from the Greek words philo, meaning friend and
Sophia, meaning wisdom. It literally means the love of wisdom or a
friend of wisdom. Coming from the etymological perspective, philosophy
involves wisdom.

● REAL DEFINITION (explains what the things is)

Philosophy is the science of all that exist (beings) in their ultimate
cause through the aid of the human intellect above.
 Elements in the Real Definition of Philosophy:
A. It is a science, a systematic body of knowledge which is not only based on opinions,
hypothesis and theories, but an ideal knowledge.

B. Of beings, i.e. of all, everything that exists, or may exist, of everything knowable.
Philosophy is the highest synthesis of all sciences, dealing with man, nature and God.
It is also considered as the mother of all sciences because of it’s very vast scope and
subject matter.

C. In their ultimate cause, because it asks and answers not only facts and proximate
causes but also the deepest causes of things. Its task is to give answer, not only to the
question ‘what’ but most importantly to the question ‘why’.

D. Through the aid of human intellect alone, because philosophy uses natural reason and
not Divine Revelation of the recourse to the Bible. It is the product of one’s own
thinking and not of imagination or fantasy.
BEGINNING OF PHILOSOPHY

● Philosophy begins in wonder

Thinking which aims at maximum connected

truth about all available experiences

Over hundreds of years, philosophers had conceptualized and presented different

methods and approaches on how to think, to judge, and even to live philosophically.
 TWO BROAD METHODS OF REASONING
Inductive Reasoning
- refers to the reasoning whereby
premises provide probable truth to
the conclusion.
Deductive Reasoning
- involves provision of conclusive proof
for the conclusions.

- - The process moves from general to

The process here is conducting
arguments from specific to general. specific.

- This method of reasoning is

measured only through probabilities
PHILOSOPHICAL
THINKING
 Thinking philosophically is different from usual
or ordinary thinking. It is of deeper level of
PHILOSOPHICAL reasoning such as conceptualizing and valuing
THINKING abstracts. It examines the underlying structure
of human mind. Philosophical thinking also
clarifies concepts and definitions and the use
of language.

IMPORTANCE OF Philosophy has an enormous role to each one

of us. We use philosophy in our everyday lives,
PHILOSOPHY in making simple and complex decisions, value
judgments. It also enlarges our world beyond
our personal interests.

VALUE OF Everyone has a philosophy of his own but one

may not be aware of it. As human beings,
PHILOSOPHY certain principles guide our actions and mold
our attitudes.
 Activity 1

What is
a chair?