BIOMETRICS

Submitted by:
Vinay Kumar Gupta
0700410088, 4TH YEAR
Computer science & Engg.
, FET RBS COLLEGE,
AGRA.
WHAT IS BIOMETRICS?
BIOMETRICS –
any automatically
measurable, robust and
distinctive physical
characteristic or personal trait
that can be used to identify an
individual or verify the claimed
identity of an individual.
Why
Why Biometrics
Biometrics ::

Biometrics is concerned with identifying a

person based on his or her physiological or behavioral
characteristics.
Biometrics are unique human feature such as finger
prints, hand geometry, face and iris or retinal patterns,
DNA and voice.
Being the intrinsic properties of an individual, these
are difficult to surreptitiously duplicate and nearly
impossible to share.
Why
Why Biometrics
Biometrics ::

Identification
problems:
Identity Thefts:
Identity thieves steal PIN.
(Eg. Date of Birth) to open
credit card accounts,
withdraw money from
accounts and take out loans.
Why
Why Biometrics
Biometrics ::

Too many Passwords to

remember:
A heavy web user
have an average of 21
passwords.
[81% users have common
passwords and 31% write their
passwords down or store them
in a file.]
: Two main uses:

1) IDENTFICATION
-figure out “Who is X?”
-accomplished by system performing
-A “one-to-many” search

2) VERIFICATION
-answer the question “Is this X?”
-accomplished by the system performing
-A “one-to-one” search
What is Authentication?
Process by which someone or something is
given a valid authenticity so that he can
access a particular application or thing.
E.g.
Password and user ID for users.
Providing PIN to identification card users.
Giving gate pass to the employees of a
company.
Biometrics based authentication
Involves the following steps:
i. Signal acquisition from the user
ii. A invariant template is stored in the database.
iii.A template is derived from the newly acquired
signal
iv.The corresponding template is retrieved from the
database and is matched with the present template.
The matcher arrives at a decision based on the
closeness of the two templates by taking into
account geometry and other acquisition variables.
Working principle:
 Biometric devices consist of a reader or scanning device
software that converts the gathered information
into digital form, and a database that stores the
biometric data with comparison with existing records.
 Enrollment Mode.
 Verification Mode
Modes:
Enrollment Mode:
A sample of the biometric trait is captured,
processed by a computer, and stored for later
Comparison.

Verification Mode:
In this mode biometric system authenticates a
person’s claimed identity from their previously
enrolled pattern.
 Types
Types of
of Biometrics
Biometrics ::

Iris Scanning
-measures the iris patter in the
colored part of the eye

Retinal Scan
-measures the blood vessel
patterns in the back of the eye
Types
Types of
of Biometrics
Biometrics ::

Voice Recognition
-measures the vocal
characteristics of a person
using a specific phrase

Finger Printing
-measures the unique pattern
of lines on a persons finger
Biometrics
Biometrics in
in Practice
Practice
Biometrics
Biometrics in
in Practice.
Practice.
Eg.
Eg. Fingerprinting
Fingerprinting
Minutiae
 Uses the ridge endings and bifurcation's on a
persons finger to plot points known as Minutiae
 The number and locations of the minutiae vary
from finger to finger in any particular person, and
from person to person for any particular finger

Finger Image Finger Image + Minutiae Minutiae

Biometrics
Biometrics in
in Practice.
Practice.
Eg.
Eg. Fingerprinting
Fingerprinting
Basic characteristics of BIOMETRIC
Technologies:
 Universality: Every person should have the characteristic.
People who are mute or without a fingerprint will need to be
accommodated in some way.
 Uniqueness: Generally, no two people have identical
characteristics. However, identical twins are hard to distinguish.
 Permanence: The characteristics should not vary with time. A
person's face, for example, may change with age.
 Collectability: The characteristics must be easily collectible and
measurable.
 Performance: The method must deliver accurate results under
varied environmental circumstances.
 Acceptability: The general public must accept the sample
collection routines. Nonintrusive methods are more acceptable
Disadvantages of BIOMETRICS
 The finger print of those people working in Chemical
industries are often affected. Therefore these companies
should not use the finger print mode of authentication.
 It is found that with age, the voice of a person differs. Also
when the person has flu or throat infection the voice changes
or if there there are too much noise in the environment this
method may not
authenticate correctly. Therefore this method of verification
is not workable all the time.
 For people affected with diabetes, the eyes get affected
resulting in differences.
 Biometrics is an expensive security solution
 The
The Future…
Future…

“ Your body as password” ?

Challenges:
Are biometric technologies ready for
what is being expected of them?
 Technical issues
 legal and privacy issues
Conclusion
Conclusion
Conclusion
Biometrics-based authentication has many
usability advantages over traditional systems
such as passwords.
The greatest strength of biometrics, the fact
that the biometrics does not change over
time, is at the same time its greatest liability.
Once a set of biometric data has been
compromised, it is compromised forever.
Any Queries… ?
Thank You!