CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS 

                             

            NAMES                                                ROLL NUMBERS

1. POPURI HEMANJALI                                          AP20110010173
2. MAHANKALI SRI RAM                                      AP20110010827
3. GOBBURI MANAS PRABHAS                           AP20110010736
4. THUMMA SRI CHARAN                                     AP20110010717
5. VINNAKOTA CHANDRA SEKHAR                   AP20110010753
6. BETHALA SRIKANTH                                        AP20110010823

                                       GROUP 14                 CSE-K

CHEMICAL
FERTILIZERS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. HISTORY
3. CLASSIFICATIONS
4. IMPACTS ON FUTURE GENERATIONS
5. CONTROLLING TIPS
6. ALTERNATIVE METHODS
7. ADVANTAGES
8. COMPARISON BETWEEN ORGANIC AND
INORGANIC
9. POPULARITY OF BIO FERTILIZERS
10. CONCLUSION
       INTRODUCTION
 Fertilizer is a substance added to a soil to
improve plants growth and yield.
 Basically it is a chemical or
natural substance is added to soil to
increase its fertility.
 In the same way that humans need to eat
properly to stay healthy,plants too
need certain nutrients to grow properly.
      Current Statistics:
 In the fiscal year 2019,the nitrogenous
fertilizer consumption in India amounted
to over 17 million metric tons,while
potash fertilizers accounted for a small
share between fiscal years 2012 and 2019.
 The Indian fertilizer market exhibited
moderate growth during 2015-2020.
          HISTORY
 Fertilizers have been around if people discovered
farming,it has only been since the past few centuries
that chemical Or synthetic ones have been developed
with the knowledge of plants' chemical needs to
improve quality and quantity of food.
 Eventually , people produced the idea of using animal
manure to do so. With time natural fertilization became
More refined.
 Organic chemist JUSTUS VON LIEBIG who
discovered that plants need minerals such as nitrogen
and phosporous for optimal growth,his work led to a
half - century of exploring the chemical needs of
plants to improve on fertilizers ,for this he was referred
as the "FATHER OF THE FERTILIZER
INDUSTRY"
        CLASSIFICATIONS

 The fertilizers are classified on the basis of the nature

of nutrient elements like Nitrogen, phosphorus,
potassium (NPK) present chemically in the
compounds.
 There are various nitrogenous chemical fertilizers like
ammonium sulphate, calcium ammonium nitrate, basic
calcium nitrate, calcium cyanamide (nitrolium), urea
etc.
 There are various phosphatic chemical fertilizers like
super phosphate of lime, triple super phosphate etc.
 And potash chemical fertilizers like potassium
chloride, potassium nitrate, potassium sulphate etc.
 Mixed fertilizers are physical mixtures of straight
fertilizers.They contain two or three primary plant
nutrients,made by thoroughly mixing the ingredients
either mechanically or manually.
Classifications based on
shape
SOLID FERTILIZERS:
 Powder (single superphosphate) 
 Crystals (Ammonium sulphate)
 Prills (Urea, Diammonium phosphate, superphosphate)
 Granules (Holland granules) Supergranules (Urea supergranules)
 Briquettes (Urea briquettes)
LIQUID FERTILIZERS:
 Liquid form fertilizers are applied with irrigation water or for
direct application. 
2 types- 
 1- clear liquid fertilisers (when the fertilisers are completely
dissolved in water) 
 2- Suspension liquid fertilisers (when fertilisers are suspended as
fine particles in water)
  Here are some effects of using chemical fertilizers and pestisides.
1)   HUMAN HEALTH:
 The chemical pesticides can cause cardiovascular- and endocrine-related effects.
 The chemical fertilizers could damage on  liver function, immune function,
neurologic impairment, and also on reproductive system.
2)    SURFACE WATER CONTAMINATION:
  The chemical pesticides could reach surface water from treated plants and soil.
 According to U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) they observation resulted that more
than 90 percent of water and fish samples from all streams contained one, or more
IMPACTS ON often, several pesticides.
3)    GROUND WATER CONTAMINATION:
FUTURE
 As well as surface water contamination, pesticides also contaminated the ground
GENERATION water. This is a very bad situation where the source of life that is water is toxicated
S by the pesticides.
 Once the water has been contaminated, it needs a complex and expensive source to
clean it up.
4)   SOIL FERTILITY EFFECT:
 Overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides have effects on the soil organisms
that are similar to human overuse of antibiotics.
 Indiscriminate use of chemicals might work for a few years, but after awhile, there
aren’t enough beneficial soil organisms to hold onto the nutrients.
  CONTROLLING TIPS
 We have to reduce the using of chemical fertilizers and pestisides.
      Here are some ways:
1.    Buy organic and locally grown fruit and vegetables.
2.    Do not forget to Wash fruits and vegetables before eating with 
slightly warm water.
3.    Use non-toxic methods for controlling insects in the home and 
garden.
4.    Grow your own production by using organic composts and manures in
your backyard.
5.    Use your vegetable peels wastage as vermi compost to apply plants for
healthy growth.
6.    Using different Nano-fertilizers which have the greater role in enhancing
crop production,this will reduce the cost of fertilizers for crop production and
also minimize the pollution hazard.
7.    Current resources should be overhauled in favour of the sustainable use of
resourses,
Also boosting the production simultaneously.
  1). BONE MEAL:
 Bone meal is made from the ground bones of animals,and is a byproduct of
the meat processing industry.  
 To fertilize established plants, scatter bone meal around the plant and work it
into the soil. 
 2).COTTONSEED MEAL:
 Cottonseed meal is slightly acidic,typically containing a nitrogen-to-
phosphorous-to-potassium (NPK) of 7-3-2. 
 Cottonseed is ideal for acid-loving plants and should be mixed into the soil
at a rate of 10 pounds per 100 square feet.
ALTERNATIVE  3). ALFALFA PELLETS:
METHODS  Alfalfa pellets typically contain a NPK ratio of 2-1-2. 
 Apply alfalfa pellets by mixing them into the soil at a rate of 2 to 5 pounds
of pellets per100 square feet. 
 4).COMPOSTED MANURE:
  Composted manure is a complete fertilizer, but its NPK ratio depends on the
animal source.  
 When applying manure as a fertilizer, dig it into vegetable beds in early
spring, or use as a top dressing for flower bed and borders spring or late
fall.  
 Here are some advantages of organic farming,
    Works Long, Stays Longer 
    Well-Balanced Content 
    Improves the Soil Condition 
    Wide Variety Availability 
ADVANTAGES     Environmentally Safe 
    Full of Nutrients 
    Eliminates Contaminations 
    Pocket-Friendly Fertilizers 
    Easy to Use and Higher Percentage of Yield.  
 COMPARISON B/W ORGANIC AND INORGANIC
                ORGANIC
 Organic fertilizer is made from natural sources,
such as animal remains, waste, and bedding or
plant remains.
 Generally, high application rates are
necessary for organic fertilizers.
 Organic manure increase the quality of soil, but
yield will be lower.
 Organic manure is not harmful to the land and it
improves the physical, chemical and biological
conditions of the soil.
 Availability of nutrients from organic manure is
long lasting.
 This is require in bulk.
 Increase microbial activity in soil.
                INORGANIC
 Inorganic fertilizers, also referred to as synthetic
fertilizers, are manufactured artificially and contain
minerals or synthetic chemicals.
 comparatively fewer amounts are needed for inorganic
fertilizer.
 Due to heavy applications of inorganic fertilizer can
spoil plants health and excess use of fertilizer may
cause toxicity in the soil,but temporarily yield will
be higher.
 Singular use of chemical fertilizers has an adverse
effect on the soil structure.
 Availability of nutrients are rich but not long lasting.
 This is require in less quantity.
 Reduce microbial activity
    POPULARITY OF BIO FERTILIZERS

 Bio-fertilizers consist of microorganisms that enhance the nutrients in

the soil through their biological activities. Fungi, bacteria, and
cyanobacteria are the main biofertilizers.
 Biofertilizers and Biopesticides are gaining popularity of late due to
widespread damage was done to crops, land, and groundwater by
polluting them with agrochemicals used indiscriminately.
 Bio capsule,a brand new form of bio fertilizer using the encapsulation
technology which has gained utmost popularity among the farmers of
India during the lockdown.
 Farmers from states like Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and
Tamil Nadu were the major areas where the capsules and other Bio
fertilizers have been sold more during 2020.
 Since Bio fertilizers reduce the risk of plant diseases,low cost and
also do not cause any type of pollution they are becoming more
popular day by day.
CONCLUSION
 Organic Manures are dynamic substances which can be produced by farmers with less
investment for organic fertilization of soils. 
 Obviously, the use of chemical fertilizers cannot be eliminated at this time immediately
because it may lead to reduce food production. 
 At the same time, the harmful environmental side-effects of chemical fertilizer use, such
as the expanding dead zones in marine systems worldwide, as well as expanding rate of
eutrophication cannot be ignored.
 Hence, there is an urgent need for integrated nutrient management that targets
agricultural inputs and lowers the adverse environmental impacts of agricultural fertilizers
and practices. 
 Better understanding of the inoculation of microbe, fertilizer, and plants is very important. 
 In fact, more fertilizers consumption is a good indication of agricultural productivity but
depletion of soil fertility is commonly observed in soils. 
 Finally, we all have responsbility to promote and educate information about
organic farming and also on Bio fertilizers.