Thermochemistry:

Thermochemical Equations
Exothermic Reaction at Constant pressure
has a negative change in enthalpy.
- H

Reaction at Constant pressure has a

positive change in enthalpy.
+ H
Exothermic Reaction, the Heat content of
reactants is greater than the heat content
of the products since heat is released.
The value of H<0

Endothermic Reaction, the heat content of

the products is greater than the heat
content of the reactants because heat is
absorbed.
The value of H>0
The change in Enthalpy H is a state function,
which refers to a quantity whose value
depends on the current state of the system
and not on what has previously occurred.
For example, the temperature of a sample of
water is 25˚C. this temperature does not
depend on its previous temperature. Its
current value is 25˚C. thus, H being a state
function depends on the state of each reactant
and product. To explain further, the value of
H for a reactions depends only on the condition
defining the state of the reactants and
products and not on the path it takes from
reactants to products.
Thermochemical Equations
Heat released or absorbed when a
reaction takes place is an important and
integral part of the reaction, and could be
indicated in the chemical equation.

An equation which shows the heat

involved is called a THERMOCHEMICAL
EQUATION.
The heat of reaction H has the following
properties:

 H is expressed in units of KJ/mole. The

value of H depends on the amount of
material. It is an extensive property.
Thus, if 2 moles of glucose are burned,
then 5610 KJ of heat will be produced.
The value of H for a given reaction
depends on the physical state of each
component. Thus, the state of every
reactant and product participating in the
reaction must be indicated.
 Considering the first law of conservation
of energy, the amount of heat released
when 1 mole of glucose is burned in
oxygen producing carbon dioxide and
water, is the same amount of heat
required for 6 moles of carbon dioxide,
and 6 moles of water to react to form 1
mole of glucose.
Note that the value of H is the same for
the reverse reaction but has an opposite
sign.
Therefore,

6 CO2 (g) + 6 H2O (l) C6 H12 O6 (s) + 6 O2 (g)

H = 2805 KJ/mole

OR

6 CO2 (g) + 6 H20 (l) + 2805 kJ C6H12O6 (s) +6 O2 (g)

Hess’s Law
Reiterate that enthalpy is a state function, that
the magnitude of H does not depend on the
path reactants take to form products. This
means that the chemical reactions can be
carried out in one or several steps. In both
cases, the net change is the same.
We can burn carbon directly to carbon dioxide.

C (s) + O2(g) CO2(g) H=-393.509 KJ