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MIS 210 Information Systems I: SDLC Methodologies Project Initiation and Planning Requirements Analysis
MIS 210 Information Systems I: SDLC Methodologies Project Initiation and Planning Requirements Analysis
Information Systems I
Lecture 2:
SDLC
Methodologies
Project Initiation and Planning
Requirements Analysis
What is a system?
A collection of related components that interact
to perform a task in order to accomplish a goal
• Failures
• Productivity gap
• Backlogs
• Maintenance bound
to design and build IS that not only meet the needs of the
users, but also are delivered on time and within budget
F
1. Planning
r a. Project identification and selection
o
n b. Project initiation and planning A
t
e 2. Analysis
n
d a. Determine system requirements (WHAT users need)
b. Modeling possible solutions (HOW to satisfy user needs)
B 3. Design D
a
c
a. logical design
k b. physical design
e
n 4. Implementation
d
5. Maintenance / support I
• The project --
– Moves systematically through phases where
each phase has a standard set of outputs
– Produces project deliverables
– Uses deliverables in implementation
– Results in actual information system
– Uses gradual refinement
• Construction
– Program building
– Program and system testing
• Installation
– Conversion strategy
– Training plan
– Support plan
Analysis
Logical Design
Physical Design
Implementation
Maintenance
• Principle: a user can tell you better what they DON'T want
than what they DO want
• Expendable (throw-away) prototyping:
– discarded after use
– used to support the analysis and design phases
• Evolutionary prototyping:
– prototype evolves into the final system
– is it a methodology?
• User-analyst communication
• Early problem detection
– reduced development time
– reduced maintenance
e
• Faster development
s
• Higher quality
• Easier maintenance
u
• Increased scalability
e
• Better information structure
• Increased adaptability
R
• Increased modeling power
• Supports complexity
• Equipment
• Support staff
• Physical facilities
-- Activities --
1. Learn about current system (gather facts)
2. Model current system
3. Analyze problems/opportunities (study facts)
4. Establish new system objectives
• Existing documentation
• Observation
• Questionnaires
• Interviews
• Types of Interviews
1. Unstructured
2. Structured
• Types of Questions
1. Open-ended
2. Closed-ended
• Focus of Questions
1. Decision analysis
2. Data analysis
• Disadvantages
– Very time consuming, thus very costly
– Success of the interview is dependent on the SA's human
relations skills
– Interviewing may be impractical due to location of
interviewees