Research on Sexual

Dysfunction
MR. JEFFREY B. VILLANGCA
MAED STUDENT
SEXUALITY says…
• In the BIBLE,
Genesis 2:18-22, 28
Then the Lord God said, “It is not good for the man to be alone; I will make him
a helper suitable for him.” Out of the ground the Lord God formed every beast
of the field and every bird of the sky and brought them to the man to see what
he would call them; and whatever the man called a living creature, that was its
name. The man gave names to all the cattle, and to the birds of the sky, and to
every beast of the field, but for Adam there was not found a helper suitable for
him. So, the Lord God caused a deep sleep to fall upon the man, and he slept;
then He took one of his ribs and closed up the flesh at that place. The Lord God
fashioned into a woman the rib which He had taken from the man and brought
her to the man.
"And God blessed them. And God said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply and fill
the earth and subdue it, and have dominion over the fish of the sea and over
the birds of the heavens and over every living thing that moves on the earth.”"
SEXUALITY says…
• In layman's term

a: the condition of having sex

b: sexual activity
c: expression of sexual receptivity or interest
especially when excessive
 PowerPoint  Lecture Notes Presentation
Chapter 12
Sexual Disorders
Abnormal Psychology,
Thirteenth Edition
by
Ann M. Kring,
Sheri L. Johnson,
Gerald C. Davison,
& John M. Neale
© 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Chapter Outline
 Chapter 12: Sexual Disorders

I. Sexual Norms and Behavior

II. Sexual Dysfunctions
III. The Paraphilias

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Table 12.2: DSM-5 Sexual Dysfunction

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 Sexual Norms and Behavior
 Culture influences beliefs about sexuality
• Pleasure vs. procreation
• Acceptable sexual behaviors vary with times and culture

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Figure 12.1: New HIV Diagnoses in 2009 by Age Group

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Table 12.1: Participation in Selected Sexual Behaviors in the
Past Year

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 Gender and Sexuality
 Men
• Think more about sex and want more sex
• Masturbate more
• Want more and have more partners
 Consistency across cultures
• Have more sexual dysfunction as they age
 Women
• Desire for sex more often linked to relationship status and social norms
• Tend to be more ashamed of appearance flaws
 May interfere with sexual satisfaction
 At all ages, women more likely than men to report sexual dysfunction

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 The Sexual Response Cycle
1. Desire phase (Libido)
2. Excitement phase (Arousal)
3. Orgasm phase
4. Resolution phase

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 Sexual Dysfunctions
 DSM-5 has three categories of sexual dysfunction:
1. Sexual desire, arousal, and interest disorders
 In women: Sexual interest/arousal disorder
 In men: Male hyposexual disorder and Erectile disorder
2. Orgasmic disorders
 In women: Female orgasmic disorder
 In men: Premature ejaculation and delayed ejaculation
3. Sexual pain disorders
 In women: Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder

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Table 12.3: Self-Reported Rates of Sexual Problems in the Past 12
Months

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 Disorders Involving
Sexual Interest, Desire, and Arousal
 Sexual interest/arousal disorder in women
• Persistent deficits in sexual interest (fantasies or urges), biological
arousal, or subjective arousal

 Hypoactive sexual desire disorder in men

• Deficient or absent sexual fantasies and urges
 Male erectile disorder
• Failure to attain or maintain an erection of penis

© 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

 Orgasmic Disorders
 Female orgasmic disorder
• Absence of orgasm after sexual excitement
 Many women achieve arousal but not orgasm
 Early ejaculation disorder
• Ejaculation that occurs too quickly
 Delayed ejaculation disorder
• Persistent difficulty ejaculating

© 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

 Sexual Pain Disorders
 DSM-5: Genitopelvic pain/penetration disorder
• Persistent or recurrent pain during intercourse
• Diagnosable in both men and women
 Rare in men
• R/O medical cause (e.g., infection), lack of vaginal lubrication, or menopausal
problems
• Most women experience sexual arousal and orgasms from manual or oral
stimulation that does not involve penetration
• 10-30% prevalence rates

 DSM-IV-TR: Vaginismus and Dyspareunia

© 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
 DSM-5 Criteria for
Genitopelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder

Persistent or recurrent difficulties with at least one of the following:

 Inability to have vaginal intercourse/penetration

 Marked vulvar, vaginal, or pelvic pain during vaginal penetration or intercourse attempts

 Marked fear or anxiety about pain or penetration

 Marked tensing of the pelvic floor muscles during attempted vaginal penetration

 Causes clinically significant distress or interpersonal problems

 Not due to another psychological disorder, a medical condition, or the effects of a drug

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 Etiology of Sexual Dysfunction
 Masters & Johnson (1970) two-tier model:
1. Immediate causes
• Performance fears
• Adoption of spectator role
• Observer vs. participant
2. Distal (historical) causes
• Sociocultural
• Biological causes
• Sexual traumas
• Homosexual inclinations

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Figure 12.4: Distal and Immediate Causes of Human Sexual
Inadequacies

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Figure 12.5: Predictors of Sexual Functioning

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 Etiology of Sexual Dysfunction:
Biological Factors
 The DSM-5 includes separate diagnoses for sexual dysfunctions that are caused by
medical illnesses
• Somewhat controversial because many sexual dysfunctions have a biological contribution
 Diseases of vascular system
 Diseases of the nervous system
 Low levels of testosterone or estrogen
 Heavy alcohol consumption before sex
 History of chronic alcoholism
 Heavy cigarette smoking
 Medications
• Antihypertensives
• SSRIs

© 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

 Etiology of Sexual Dysfunction:
Psychosocial Factors
 Rape
 Early childhood sexual abuse
 Relationship problems
• Anger, hostility, poor communication
• Underlying anxiety about relationship security
 Psychological disorders
• Major depression, anxiety, or panic disorder
 Low physiological arousal
 Stress and exhaustion
 Negative cognitions
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 Treatments of Sexual Dysfunction
 Anxiety reduction
 Directed masturbation
 Procedures to change thoughts and attitudes
• Sensory awareness procedures
• Rational-emotive therapy
 Sexual skills and communication training
 Couple’s therapy
 Medications and physical treatments
• Squeeze technique for early ejaculation
• PDE-5 inhibitors for erectile dysfunction
 Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors: sildenafil (Viagra), tadafil (Cialis) and vardenafil
(Levitra)

© 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Treatments of Sexual Dysfunction

© 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

 COPYRIGHT
Copyright 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No
part of the material protected by this copyright may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording or by any information storage
and retrieval system, without written permission of the copyright
owner.

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 COMPREHENSION QUESTION
Enumerate and explain the 4 stages of Sexual Activity.

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