Text Mapping

Reading for General Interest

What is Text Mapping?
Text Mapping
 is a technique to build skills for understanding text.
 is an alternative to understand a text and can be used strategically.
It is enabling, simple, basic tools which can be used for reading.
 Most text mapping techniques are extractive; they focus on details,
keywords, and phrases.
 Mapping is descriptive; it focuses on context.
 Show the relationship between parts and supporting details of the
paragraph.
 Text mapping is indicated by signal words.
 Relationship and signal words can be found within sentences and
between sentences.
The Benefits of Text Mapping
 Add visual elements and create concrete model for abstract
ideas
 Provide a whole comprehensive model of the text
 Able to recognize and textual cues
 Create a model for writing
 Encourage active reading
 Link comprehension concretely to the text, the text itself
becomes a map – bridges the gap between text and the
organizer
The Aims of Text Mapping
 Identifying relationship between one condition to the other
(main idea and supporting details),
 Locating and understanding the idea of the sentence and the
point that the writer is trying to express.
Implementation
1. Decide on the text elements that are important for your text
such as heading, illustrations, key words.
2. Choose the targeted text elements – create a key for the
elements.
3. Identify features – that are relevant to your purposes targeted
text. Recognize the text then create text mapping.
4. Mark them – marking the features to see and understand just
how direct is the connection between marking and active
reading. Mark what you find important.
5. Identify relationship between the features and the important
concepts.
What to Mark!
 Key word (signal word)
 Vocabulary
 Important concept or point
Types of Text Mapping
1. Cause and effect
The author uses one or more causes and the resulting effect
Key words
 Reasons why
Caus
 If then… e
 As a result
 Therefore
 … because… Effect Effect Effect
Pattern Characteristic Signals Sample
Cause and Describes or Because, There was a
effect discusses and cause(s), crime at the
event/action that create, due to, GBLK involving
is caused by for this reason, murder so that
another so that, if this… police arrested
even/action. then, leads to, some of the
There may be a on account of, perpetrators.
single cause produces, since,
and effect or as a result,
several causes consequently,
with several hence, in effect,
effects. resulting,
therefore, thus
2. Compare and Contrast
The author explains how two or more things are alike and/or how they
are different.
Key words
 Different
 In contrast…
 Alike
 Same as
 On the other hand
Pattern Characteristic Signals Sample
Compari Organized to emphasize Comparison; Same as her
son and the similarities and/or also, as well as, sister, Mary has
contrast differences between two both, compared brown hair yet
or more items or topics. to, in they differ when
Comparison means comparison, it comes to eye
 What things have in the same as, color.
common etc.
 How items or Contrast;
concepts are alike although, as
 The similarities opposed to,
between items or but, despite,
concepts differs from,
Contrast means even though,
 The differences instead,
between items or nevertheless,
concepts on the other
 How things are not hand, on the
alike contrary, unlike,
 Distinctions between yet, while, in
elements or ideas. spite of
3. Description/definition
The author describes a topic by listing characteristic, features, and
examples.
Key words
 For example
 Characteristic are
 Such as

Topic
Pattern Characteristic Signals Sample
Description/defi Text introduces Defined as, is, Repression is
nition something then known, for the mind’s
explains and example, for power to block
describes. instance, such fearful thoughts,
Characteristics, as, sample, is impulses, and
details, and used to, that is, memories. For
examples including, example, a
explain of its typically, thus, person may
usage then specifically, etc. repress or
follow. forget painful
childhood
memories.
4. Problem/Solution
The author uses this technique to identify a problem and lists one or
more solutions for the problem (can also be question/answer format)
Key words
 Remedy
 Solve
 Problem
Problem Solution
 Revolve
 Fix
 Issue being dealt with
 Conclude that
Pattern Characteristic Signals Sample
Problem and Presents a Answer, Since pollution
solution significant challenge, has a
problem and problem, detrimental
explains it in resolve, impact on
detail. Then, a conclude that, modern living
possible solution suggest, standards, a
is suggested. respond, solve, key solution
Sometimes, only fix, etc. suggests by
the problem is recycling of
presented waste products.
because there is
no solution.
5. Sequence/chronological
The author lists items or events in numerical order.
Key words
 First
 Second
 Third
 Then
 Next
 Finally

First
Pattern Characteristic Signals Sample
Chronological Time of order, After, afterwards, There are few
/process/seq narration, as soon as, at last, steps to follow
uence sequence of at that time, before, when you want
events, list of during, eventually, to success at
steps, direction finally, first, second, your study. First,
of stages in third, next, following ….
which a certain steps, last, later,
order is needed accordingly, after
that, begins, how
to, in the process
of, meanwhile, now,
since, then, when,
and many more.