Line Following Robot

-Presented by
Ansh Kariwal (2K20/B12/06)
Aryan Dutt (2K20/B12/27)
 Introduction
• Line Following is one of the most important aspects of robotics. It is an
autonomous robot which is able to follow a black line that is drawn on the
surface consisting of a contrasting color. It is designed to move
automatically and follow the line.
• The robot is driven by DC gear motors to control the movement of the
wheels.
• The Arduino Uno interface is used to perform and implement algorithms to
control the speed of the motors, steering the robot to travel along the line
smoothly.
• The objective is to maneuver the robot to stay on course, while constantly
correcting wrong moves using feedback from the sensor which forms a
simple yet effective system.
Hardware
->IR Sensors
• The robot uses photodiode sensors to sense the
lines.
• We will be using two IR sensors for this
project.
• The IR sensor has 1 IR LED emitter and the
other one is the receiver(photodiode sensor).
• An analog signal is obtained in the output and
depends on the amount of light reflected back.
• Which is provided to the comparator to
produce 0’s and 1’s which are then given as
output.
Hardware
->Arduino Uno
• Arduino is an open-source computer
hardware and software company
which designs programmable
microcontrollers.
• Heart of Arduino Uno is a
microcontroller (ATmega328).
• Uno has 14 digital I/O pins (6 PWM)
& 6 analog I/O pins.
• The input voltage of Uno is 7 – 12 V.
Hardware
->Motor Driver (L298N)
• It is used for driving DC or stepper
motor.
• It consists of an L298 motor driver IC
and a 78M05 5V regulator.
• Motor driver has H-bridge for control
the direction of motor.
• Speed control is also possible with
L298N driver, all we need is to feed
PWM signals to the motor enable
pins.
Hardware
->DC gear motor
• A gear motor is an all-in-one combination
of a motor and gearbox.
• DC motors are most easy for controlling. 
• One DC motor has two signals for its
operation. Reversing the polarity of the power
supply across it can change the direction
required.
• Speed can be varied by varying the voltage
across the motor.
 Working
• IR sensors will constantly be emitting and receiving light and the output will
simultaneously be delivered to the Arduino.
• Depending upon the input (which sensor is detecting the line and which one is
not) Arduino will send the appropriate signal to the motor driver.
• There will be four functions in the Arduino code.
• Now we will be explaining the four possible cases while the robot is working.
Circuit Diagram
Final Result
Final Result
THANK YOU