Basis of Life

Living Beings
What is the difference between a living being and a non-
living being?
Living Beings
What are the vital functions of living beings?
What function?
Heterotrophic
Autotrophic
Autotrophic: Organisms capable of transforming
inorganic matter into organic matter.
Heterotrophic: Organisms not capable of transforming
inorganic matter into organic matter. They take
organic matter from other organisms.
What function?
What function?
What function?
Example of Interacion: make clear what the stimulum,
the receptor and the effector are.

Page 9, activity 2.
Biomolecules
Saccharides – sugars -- Glucids
 Saccharides – sugars -- Glucids
Monosaccharides:
Glucose – source of energy
Disaccharide: lactose and sucrose
Lactose is the sugar found in milk
Sucrose is the sugar we all know
Polysaccharide: starch, glycogen, cellulose
 Starch is a carbohydrate used by plant as energy storage
 Glycogen is an energy storage in animals

 Cellulose is the material the plant´s cell wall is made.

Polysaccharide: Cellulose
Lipids
Insoluble in water
Lipids
Fats/Oils - lipids that store energy.
Lipids
Waxes – lipids that are produced by animals and plants for
protection.
Lipids
Phospholipids – make up cell membranes.
Lipids
Steroids – some of them can act as hormones.
Proteins
Macromolecules with complex structures, made up
of chains of smaller molecules called Amino Acids.
The order of the amino acids determines the structure
and function of the protein.
Protein

functions
Structure for cells:
 Collagen – provides structure for skin and bones
 Keratin – structure for hair
Protein functions
Transport substances around body:
 Haemoglobin protein in red blood cells that carries O2
Regulate chemical reactions
 Enzymes
Protein functions
Protection from microorganisms (bacteria)
 Antibodies
Nucleic Acids
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
Made of smaller molecules called Nucleotides
They are the genetic material of living things

RNA
DNA
DNA •DNA stores all genetic
information – the
information necessary
for development and
functioning of living
things.

•Found in the cell

nucleus.

•Has two strands.

RNA
Uses the information from DNA to create proteins.
RNA is present in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm of a
cell.
Page 11, activity 8.
Inorganic biomolecules
Not exclusive to living beings, but essential for life.
What are examples?
Water
Mineral Salts
Living Beings
What is the basic unit of live?
Prokarotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
Picture of a cell:
Draw all the organelles
Write down the function of each one.
4 groups: everyone has to participate.
Next class you will have to explain it.
Eukaryotic Cells
Cellular nutrition
Cells obtain matter and energy to perform vital
functions:

NutrientsCellular metabolism Vital functions

Cellular nutrition
Page 13, activity 11.
Autotrophs
Autotrophs – ???????

Photosynthesis – energy from sunlight.

 Who has chloroplasts?

Chemosynthesis – energy from chemical reactions.

 Some bacteria (Chemoautotrophs)
Heterotrophs
Heterotrophic nutrition – ??????

 Takes place in cells of animals, fungi, protozoa and many

bacteria.
Heterotrophs or Autotrophs??
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Fermentation
Homework
Page 14, activity 14
Page 15, acttivities 15 and 16