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Algebra 2 Chapter 7
Algebra 2 Chapter 7
Jennifer Huss
7-1 The Distance and Midpoint
Formulas
• To find the distance between any two points
(a, b) and (c, d), use the distance formula:
Distance = (c – a)2 + (d – b)2
Find the distance between (-4, 2) and (-8, 4). Then find the
midpoint between the points.
Direction of Opens upward when a > 0 Opens to the right when a > 0 and to
Opening and downward when a < 0 the left when a < 0
Length of Latus 1/a units 1/a units
Rectum
7-2 Example
#2 #1
Graph for Graph for
3) y = (1/8)(x – 4)2 + 1
2) Vertex: (0,0) Focus: (-4,0) Latus rectum: 16 Direction: left Directrix: x = 4 Axis of symmetry: y = 0
7-3 Circles
• A circle is a set of points
equidistant from a center point
• The radius is a line between
the center and any point on the
circle
• The equation of a circle is
(x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2 where Radius (r)
Vertex
the radius is r and the vertex is (k, h)
(h, k)
• Sometimes you need to
complete the square twice to
get the equation in this form
(once for x and once for y)
7-3 Examples
1. Find the center and radius of x2 + y2 + 4x – 12y – 9 = 0
and then graph the circle.
x2 + 4x + + y2 – 12y + = 9 + +
x2 + 4x + 4 + y2 – 12y + 36 = 9 + 4 + 36
(x + 2)2 + (y – 6)2 = 49
Radius = 7 and Center is (-2, 6)
7-3 Examples (cont.)
(h, k + c) and
(x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = 1 Vertical (h, k)
(h, k – c)
b2 a2
Important Notes:
• In the above chart, c = a2 – b2
• a2 > b2 always so a2 is always the larger number
•If the a2 is under the x term, the ellipse is horizontal, if the a2 is under the y
term the ellipse is vertical
•You can tell that you are looking at an ellipse because: x2 is added to y2 and
the x2 and y2 are divided by different numbers (if numbers were the same, it’s a
circle)
7-4 Example
1. Given an equation of an ellipse 16y2 + 9x2 – 96y – 90x = -225 find the
coordinates of the center and foci as well as the lengths of the major and
minor axis. Then draw the graph.
1. For 49x2 + 16y2 = 784 find the center, the foci, and the
lengths of the major and minor axes. Then draw the
graph.
2. Write an equation for an ellipse with foci (4, 0) and
(-4, 0). The endpoints of the minor axis are (0, 2) and
(0, -2).
20 4
=1
2) X2 + y2 #1
Center: (0, 0) Length of major= 14 Length of minor= 8 1) Foci: (0, - 33) (0, 33)
7-5 Hyperbolas
• A hyperbola is a set of all points on a
plane such that the absolute value of Hyperbola
the difference (subtraction) of the
distances from a point to the two foci Conjugate
is constant Axis
• The center is the midpoint of the
segment connecting the foci
Transverse
• The vertex is the point on the Axis Focus
Center
hyperbola closest to the center
• The asymptotes are lines the Vertex
y – 2 = 5/12 (x + 3) y – 2 = -5/12 (x + 3)
y – 2 = (5/12) x + 15/12 y – 2 = (-5/12) x + -15/12
y = (5/12) x + 13/4 y = (-5/12) x + 3/4
7-5 Problems
Find the coordinates of the vertices and the foci. Give the
asymptote slopes for each hyperbola. Then draw the
graph.
1) x2 _ y2 = 1
9 49
1) x2 + y2 + 6x = 7
2) 5x2 – 6y2 – 30x – 12y + 9 = 0
6 5
=1
hyperbola 2) (x – 3)2 _ (y + 1)2 1) (x + 3)2 + (y)2 = 16 circle 2) 1)
7-7 Solving Quadratic Systems
• When you solve a system of quadratic equations the
method is almost the same as solving a system of linear
equations
• If the system has one equation of a conic section and
one equation of a straight line, you can get zero, one, or
two solutions to the system
• If both the equations are conic sections, the system
should have zero, one, two, three, or four solutions
7-7 Example
Solve this system of equations using algebraic methods and by graphing the
equations. y = (x – 2)2 + 1
y = -4x + 5
Set the equations equal to each other to solve for x. The system of equations has one
solution, (0, 5). The graphs of
-4x + 5 = (x – 2)2 + 1 these equations confirms this.
-4x + 5 = x2 – 4x + 4 + 1
-4x + 5 = x2 – 4x + 5
5 = x2 + 5
x2 = 0
x=0
1) 4x2 + y2 = 25 2) x2 + y2 = 10
2x2 – y2 = -1 y = x2 – 4
}
2) Four solutions: { (1, -3) (-1, -3) ( 6, 2) (- 6, -2) 1) Four solutions: { (2, 3) (2, -3) (-2, 3) (-2, -3) }