Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 1 Section 1
Chapter 1 Section 1
Government
• Institution that carries • Process Politics
• How society decides how power &
out public policies resources will be distributed w/in society
• The Job application
• The JOB
Government v. Politics
Government
• Institution that carries out • Process Politics
public policies • The Job application
• The JOB
• U.S. Department of
• Teachers
Education
• National Institutes of
Health • Doctors or Nurses
What are the 4 characteristics
of the State
• State- a body of people, living, in a
defined territory, organized w/ a
government, & w/ power to make &
enforce law w/out the consent of any
higher authority
• Can be used interchangeably w/ country,
but not necessarily a country
• Each have 4 characteristics
• Population
• Territory
• Sovereignty
• Government
Population
• How large must the population be in order for a place to be
called a state?
• No size necessary, just a group of people
Territory
• Must have territory with known and recognized boundaries
Sovereignty
• What does sovereignty mean?
• Absolute authority within its own territory
• If the U.S. is democratic, how are they a sovereign state?
• Federal government creates absolute laws…the Constitution
Government
• States must be political organized by system of government
& laws
• What would happen if a society had a population and
designated territory, but no government?
Vatican City
• Governed as absolute monarchy
• The Head of State the Pope holds full
legislative, executive and judicial
powers
• Pope elected by Cardinals
• Smallest independent state in the world
in population & size.
• 110 acres
• Population 1,000 (in 2015)
How Do the Major Political Ideas
Explain the Origin of the State
The Force Theory
• State was born of FORCE
• 1 person or small group took
control over an area & forced all
w/in it to submit to that person’s
or group’s will
• Examples: settlers came to U.S.
forced Native Americans to obey
laws, Hitler took over Europe
The Evolutionary Theory
• The Evolutionary Theory- state
developed naturally out of the
early family
• Heads of families became
government
• Claimed territories settled in, and
became sovereign state
The Divine Right Theory
• The Divine Right- God created the
state & God had given those of royal
birth a ‘divine right’ to rule
• Monarchy in European history
• Chinese, Egyptian, Aztec, & Mayan
• Japanese emperor, Mikado, governed by
divine right until 1945
Social Contract Theory
• State arose out of voluntary act of
free people
• Humans lived in chaos, & needed to
be governed
• People sacrifice freedoms to be
protected by the government
• Developed by Thomas Hobbes, John
Locke, James Harrington, & Jean
Jacques Rousseau
Social Contract Theory
• “During the time men live without a common
power to keep them all in awe, they are in that
conditions called war; and such a war, as if of
every man, against every man.”- Hobbes
• “The obligation of subjects to the sovereign is
understood to last as long, and no longer, than
the power lasteth by which he is able to
protect them.”- Hobbes
Social Contract Theory
• “The social pact, far from destroying natural
equality, substitutes, on the contrary, a moral
and lawful equality for whatever physical
inequality that nature may have imposed on
mankind; so that however unequal in strength
and intelligence, men become equal by
covenant and by right.” - Jean- Jacques
Rousseau
What is the Purpose of Gov.?
• There are 6 purposes
of government listed
in the Preamble of
the U.S. Constitution.
• List all 6 in your
notes, and leave
space under each
purpose to take
further notes.
The Purpose of Government
Link people closely
together. Strength in
unity.
Reasonable, impartial,
and fair.