GENDER AND SOCIETY

FEMINIS
T
Reported By: Pearl Angelica S. Cagunot
WHAT IS FEMINISM?
Feminism is the belief in full social, economic, and
political equality for women. Feminism largely arose
in response to Western traditions that restricted the
rights of women, but feminist thought has global
manifestations and variations.
• Feminism as a theory, ideology and politics evolved in the West
during 19th century. It demands the freedom and equality for
women. It is theorized with the concept that women are
subordinated in social and personal lives.

• Feminist movement has ideological roots in France.

• Even as late as the early 20th century, women could neither vote
nor hold elective office in Europe and in most of the United
States.

• Married women could not exercise control over their own children
without the permission of their husbands.
WHAT FEMINISM IS NOT

FEMINISM IS NOT THE BELIEF THAT

WOMEN ARE SUPERIOR

FEMINISM IS NOT HATING

MEN

FEMINISM IS NOT MALE OPPRESSION

 HISTORY OF
FEMINISM
WAVES OF FEMINISM
IN LATE 14TH- AND EARLY 15TH-
CENTURY FRANCE, THE FIRST
FEMINIST PHILOSOPHER, CHRISTINE
DE PISAN, CHALLENGED PREVAILING
ATTITUDES TOWARD WOMEN WITH A
BOLD CALL FOR FEMALE
EDUCATION.
Christine de Pisan
FEMALE INTELLECTUALS OF THE
ENLIGHTENMENT WERE QUICK TO
POINT OUT THIS LACK OF
INCLUSIVITY AND THE LIMITED
SCOPE OF REFORMIST RHETORIC.

Olympe de Gouges
 THE SOFFRAGE MOVEMENT

Lucretia Mott Mary Ann McClintock Elizabeth Cady Stanton

THESE DEBATES AND DISCUSSIONS CULMINATED IN THE FIRST

WOMEN’S RIGHTS CONVENTION, HELD IN JULY 1848 IN THE
SMALL TOWN OF SENECA FALLS, NEW YORK.
 THE SOFFRAGE MOVEMENT
THIS ELITIST INCLINATION WIDENED THE DIVIDE BETWEEN
FEMINIST ORGANIZERS AND THE MASSES OF AMERICAN
WOMEN WHO LIVED IN THOSE SLUMS OR SPOKE WITH
FOREIGN ACCENTS. AS A RESULT, WORKING-CLASS WOMEN—
ALREADY MORE CONCERNED WITH WAGES, HOURS, AND
PROTECTIVE LEGISLATION THAN WITH EITHER THE VOTE OR
ISSUES SUCH AS WOMEN’S PROPERTY RIGHTS. IN THE 1890S
SHE ASKED FOR LABOUR’S SUPPORT FOR WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE
BUT INSISTED THAT SHE AND HER MOVEMENT WOULD DO
NOTHING ABOUT THE DEMANDS MADE BY WORKING WOMEN
UNTIL HER OWN BATTLE HAD BEEN WON.
 POST SUFFRAGE ERA
Once the crucial goal of suffrage had been achieved, the feminist movement virtually
collapsed in both Europe and the United States. Lacking an ideology beyond the
achievement of the vote, feminism fractured into a dozen splinter groups: the Women’s
Joint Congressional Committee, a lobbying group, fought for legislation to promote
education and maternal and infant health care; the League of Women Voters organized
voter registration and education drives; and the Women’s Trade Union League launched
a campaign for protective labour legislation for women.
 THE SECOND WAVE OF
FEMINISM
SECOND-WAVE FEMINISM IS A
PERIOD OF FEMINIST ACTIVITY AND
THOUGHT THAT FIRST BEGAN IN
THE EARLY 1960S IN USA AND
SPREAD ALL OVER THE WESTERN
WORLD AND BEYOND.
 THE SECOND WAVE OF
FEMINISM
• RAISING CONSCIOUSNESS ABOUT SEXISM AND
PATRIARCHY
• RAISING CONSCIOUSNESS ABOUT GENDER BASED
VIOLENCE, DOMESTIC ABUSE AND MARITAL
RAPE
• INEQUALITIES IN THE WORKPLACE
• LEGALIZING ABORTION AND BIRTH CONTROL
• SEXUAL LIBERATION OF WOMEN
THE THIRD WAVE OF
FEMINISM

THE THIRD WAVE OF FEMINISM

(1990S-2000S) AROSE PARTIALLY AS
A RESPONSE TO THE PERCEIVED
FAILURES OF SECOND-WAVE
FEMINISM
THE THIRD WAVE OF
FEMINISM
• THE DIVERSITY OF "WOMEN" IS RECOGNIZED
AND EMPHASIS IS PLACED ON IDENTITY,
GENDER, RACE, NATION, SOCIAL ORDER AND
SEXUAL PREFERENCE
• CHANGES ON STEREOTYPES, MEDIA
PORTRAYALS AND LANGUAGE USED TO DEFINE
WOMEN.
• SEXUAL IDENTITIES
THE FOURTH WAVE
OF FEMINISM

ALTHOUGH DEBATED BY SOME, MANY CLAIM

THAT A FOURTH WAVE OF FEMINISM BEGAN
ABOUT 2012, WITH A FOCUS ON SEXUAL
HARASSMENT, BODY SHAMING, AND RAPE
CULTURE, AMONG OTHER ISSUES.
Woman’s March in Washington DC, on January 21, 2017
 TYPES
OF FEMINISM
KINDS OF FEMINISM

LIBERAL FEMINISM
THIS KIND OF FEMINISM WORKS WITHIN THE
STRUCTURE OF MAINSTREAM SOCIETY TO
INTEGRATE WOMEN INTO IT AND MAKE IT MORE
RESPONSIVE TO INDIVIDUAL WOMEN’S RIGHTS,
BUT DOES NOT DIRECTLY CHALLENGE THE
SYSTEM ITSELF OR THE IDEOLOGY BEHIND
WOMEN’S OPPRESSION.
KINDS OF FEMINISM

RADICAL FEMINISM
THEORETICAL AND POLITICAL PERSPECTIVE THAT
FOCUSES ON THE DOMINATION OF WOMEN BY MEN.
THIS DOMINATION IS VIEWED AS THE MOST
FUNDAMENTAL FORM OF HUMAN OPPRESSION THAT
OCCURS IN ALL SOCIETIES, REGARDLESS OF CLASS,
RACE, OR ETHNICITY.
KINDS OF FEMINISM

MARXIST AND SOCIALIST FEMINISM

MARXISM RECOGNIZES THAT WOMEN ARE
OPPRESSED, AND ATTRIBUTES THE OPPRESSION TO
THE CAPITALIST/PRIVATE PROPERTY SYSTEM. THUS
THEY INSIST THAT THE ONLY WAY TO END THE
OPPRESSION OF WOMEN IS TO OVERTHROW THE
CAPITALIST SYSTEM. SOCIALIST FEMINISM IS THE
RESULT OF MARXISM MEETING RADICAL FEMINISM
KINDS OF FEMINISM

CULTURAL FEMINISM
CULTURAL FEMINISM EMPHASIZES
ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MEN
AND WOMEN IN TERMS OF BIOLOGY,
PERSONALITY AND BEHAVIOR.
Feminism is a movement to end
sexism, sexist exploitation and
oppression.
BELL HOOKS
https://www.britannica.com/topic/feminism
https://www.slideshare.net/sabithack/feminism-230454415?qid=24caa440-8ef4-40aa-9daf-
105dea5e2393&v=&b=&from_search=6
https://medium.com/humanist-voices/empowerment-in-progress-feminisms-in-the-philippines-from-the-
pre-hispanic-period-to-the-duterte-c69a0bc3676d
https://www.forbes.com/sites/kathycaprino/2017/03/08/what-is-feminism-and-why-do-so-many-women-
and-men-hate-it/?sh=4f6ea167e8e6
https://werise-toolkit.org/en/system/tdf/pdf/tools/Different-Kinds-of-Feminism.pdf?file=1&force=
https://study.com/academy/lesson/cultural-feminism-definition-lesson-quiz.html