INTEGRAL

CALCULUS
 Anti-derivative

If f(x) is a continuous function and F(x) is the function

whose derivative is f(x), i.e.: 𝑭 ′ (x) = f(x) .
then:

𝒇 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = F(x) + c;
where c is any arbitrary constant.
Notation:
Indefinite and Definite Integrals

Indefinite
 f (x)dx
x2
Definite
 x1
f (x)dx
For example, to integrate 4x, we will write it
as follows:
There must alwaysbe
a term of the form
dx

4𝑥 𝒅𝒙 = 2x + 2 c∈
ℝ.
Integr c,
al sign
Constant
This term is of
called the integration
integrand
2

Another example with limit value: I   0 sin xdx


0

I   sin xdx  cos
0
x
 cos   cos

0
 (1)  (1)  2
TABLE OF INTEGRATION FORMULAS

n x n1 1
1.  x dx  (n 1) 2.  dx  ln | x
n 1 x
x x | x a x

3.  e dx  4.  a dx 
ln a
e
5.  sin x dx  cos 6. cos x dx  sin
x x
7.  sec 2 x dx  tan 8. csc2 x dx  cot
x x
9.sec x tan x dx  sec 10.csc x cot x dx  csc
x x
11.  sec x dx  ln sec x  tan 12.  csc x dx  ln csc x  cot
x x
13.  tan x dx  ln sec 14.  cot x dx  ln sin
x x
15.sinh x dx  cosh 16. cosh x dx  sinh
x x
dx dx
17. 2 2 
1
tan 1  x    sin1  
x
x a a  a  a2  2
a
18. x
Integration by parts
 Let dv be the most complicated part of the
original integrand that fits a basic integration
Rule (including dx). Then u will be the
remaining factors.
(OR)

Let u be a portion of the integrand whose

derivative is a function simpler than u. Then
dv will be the remaining factors (including
dx).
For example:

u=x  dv= exdx

du = dx v = ex
x
xe dx
 xe dx  xe 
x x

e dx
x

  
x x x
xe dx xe e
For example :
 x dvsin= sin x dx
2
u=x 2

du = 2x dx xdx v = -cos
x
u =2x  x 2xcos
2 2
x sin xdx cos
dv = cos x dx
du = 2dx v = sin x
xdx

 x2 sin xdx  x2 cos x  2xsin x 

 
𝟐 𝟐
∫ −𝟐𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙)𝒅𝒙¿
(𝟏𝟎𝒙 ¿
∫dx
 
 
𝒙
∫ 𝟐 𝒙 𝟐 −𝟐 𝒅𝒙
 Seatwork # 2

 Solve the following

1. dx
2. dx
Thank you…