Applications of Genetic Engineering

 MEDICINE  INDUSTRIES

 AGRICULTURE  TECHNOLOGY
Agriculture:
 Bacterium, Bacillus
 Transfer of nitrogen thurenginesis produces a
protein which is toxic to
fixing genes (nif
insects . Using the
genes) from
techniques of genetic
leguminous plants into
engineering, the gene
cereals.
 Transfer of resistance coding for this toxic protein
called Bt gene has been
against pathogens and
isolated from bacterium
pests from wild plants
and engineered into tomato
to crop plants.
and tobacco plants.
 A target gene of
glyphosate is present
Some of the cloned
in bacterium
genes include:
salmonella
(i) Genes for phaseolin
typhimurium. A
of french bean,
mutant of S.
(ii) Few phaseolin leg
typhimurium is
hemoglobin for soybean,
resistant to
glyphosate.
 Medicine:
Vaccination:
Treatment :  The microorganisms
 Producing human growth such as yeast is used to
hormones – dwarfism produce virus antigen
 Producing Follistim used as a vaccine, that
injection - for treating stimulate human
infertility immune system against
 Other biopharmaceuticals this virus.
- under development  GE vaccines may be
through genetic useful to prevent
engineering, include diseases that have
anticancer drug and a resistant to traditional
possible vaccine for AIDS, vaccination, including
malaria, etc. HIV, tuberculosis , etc.
Gene therapy:
1.Somatic gene therapy - designed to provide correction
for genetic abnormalities and Parkinson's disease.
2. Germ line gene therapy - changes the genes of
embryo used in IVF , before they are implanted.
Industries:

 Genetic engineering
 Bacterium pseudomonas
strains of bacteria and
fluorescence genetically
cyanobacteria have
altered by transfer of
been developed which
light producing enzyme
can synthesize ammonia
called luciferase found
at large scale that can
in bacterium vibrio
be used in manufacture
fishery, produces light
of fertilizers at much
proportionate to the
cheaper costs.
amount of its breaking
down activity of
 Microbes are being naphthalene which
developed which will help in provides way to monitor
conversion of Cellulose to the efficiency of the
sugar and from sugar to process.
ethanol.