Exposure

and
Vulnerability
 1. Differentiate various elements exposed to
hazards.
2. Recognize and value certain sectors of
society that are vulnerable to disaster.
3. Locate certain areas/locations that are
vulnerable to hazards/disasters.

OBJECTIVES
 • This refers to people and properties that
are affected by hazards.
• It can be measure by the number of
people or types of assets in an area.
• Geographical location is a crucial factor.

EXPOSURE
 • Itis a condition determined by
physical, social, economic, and
environmental factors.
• Processes which increase the
susceptibility of a community to the
impact of hazards.

VULNERABILITY
 • This
refers to the likelihood of
people and the environment to be
damaged by natural hazards.

SUCCEPTIBILITY
 • It may refer to the following:
 Disregard for environmental management
 Poorly-planned communities
 Poorly-constructed infrastructures and homes
 Lack of public information and awareness on
preparedness and risks.

VULNERABILITY
 • Elements Affecting Vulnerability:
 Political
 Economic
 Social
 Physical
 Environment

VULNERABILITY
 • Different Types of Vulnerabilities
(Anderson and Woodrow, 1990)
 Physical and Environmental
Vulnerability
 Social Vulnerability
 Attitudinal Vulnerability

VULNERABILITY
 How does lack of
education affect the level
of vulnerability to disaster
of an individual?
 Why are woman,
children, and elders
more vulnerable to
disasters?
 • Capacity is the opposite of Vulnerability.
• According to the UNISDR (2009), it refers to
“all the strengths, attributes, and resources
available within the community, organization,
or society that can used to achieve an agreed
goal.”
• The ability to resist the impact posed by
hazards.
C A PAC I T Y
 • A tool to examine capacity and
vulnerability in or after a particular disaster.
• It identifies vulnerability as a “long term
factors that affect a community’s ability to
respond to events or make susceptible to
disasters”

C VA M AT R I X
 CVA helps to:
• Identify vulnerable groups
• Identify the factors that make them vulnerable and
show how they are affected
• Assess their needs and capacities
• Empower and mobilize vulnerable communities/groups

C VA M AT R I X
 • refers to the process whereby
“people identify resources they
rely on in times of crisis to reduce
damaging effects of hazards and
sustainability of their livelihood.”

C O P I N G C A PAC I T Y
 • “the ability of the people, organizations, and
systems, using available skills and resources
to face and to manage adverse conditions,
emergencies or disasters.”
• The ability to respond and recover
from a stressful situation.
C O P I N G C A PAC I T Y
  Slow-onset disaster like drought and famine.
• PHASE 1: Minimizing risk and managing losses
through non-erosive activities
• PHASE 2: Disposal of productive assets through
erosive activities
• PHASE 3: Failure

C O P I N G S T R AT E G I E S E X A M P L E
 • It is a new instrument to assess risk and vulnerability towards
natural hazards on country scale.
 The results would help donors and aid organizations to
understand why some countries are more at risk to disasters than
other countries and plan appropriately when a disaster strikes.
 The risk index of 172 countries were studied and ranked according
to 27 indicators based on their exposure, vulnerability,
susceptibility, and lack of coping capacities and lack of adaptive
capacities.

WORLD RISK INDEX

 Rank Country World Risk Index (%)
1 Vanuata 50.28%
2 Tonga 29.42%

3 Philippines 25.14%
4 Solomon Islands 23.29%
5 Guyana 23.23%
6 Papua New Guinea 20.88%
7 Guatemala 20.60%
8 Brunei Darussalam 18.82%
9 Bangladesh 17.38%
10 Fiji 16.58%

WORLD RISK INDEX

 Assess your lifestyle, your home, and your community in relation to
DRRM using these guidelines. Then fill it in the table that follows
with details.
• Reflect on your personal habits, practices, values, and beliefs as
well as that of your family. Which of them can cause harm and
contribute to your vulnerability in a disaster? Also, inspect your
house for parts or areas that can increase your susceptibility to
damage or loss.
• Go around your neighborhood and assess the following elements
for potential risks: local, infrastructure, main sources of livelihood,
organizations dedicated to DRRM, and community resources.
• With the help of your family, identify ways to reduce risks that
you, your households, and your community have to deal with.

A c t i v i t y : F i l l i n t h e R I S K A S S E S S M E N T TA B L E
 DOMAIN RISKS PREVENTIVE MEASURES TO
REDUCE RISKS

PERSONAL

FAMILY

COMMUNITY

A c t i v i t y : F i l l i n t h e R I S K A S S E S S M E N T TA B L E