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Culture Documents
1.intellectual Property Rights
1.intellectual Property Rights
1.intellectual Property Rights
RIGHTS
INTELLECTUAL
Literally means, application of ‘intellect’-
• Idea
• Invention
• Creation
• Innovation
• Imagination
• Expression
• right of possession
• right of ownership
• right to dispose of
• right to enjoy
• right to mortgage
• right of sale
• right to transfer
• right to gift
• right to lease
• right to assign
• right of will
INCORPOREAL
PROPERTY
INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY
RIGHTS
INTANGIBLE
PROPERTY
RIGHTS
FEATURES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY -I
INDUSTRIAL
COPYRIGHTS
DESIGN
Intellectual property
rights
: Kinds and
components
PLANT
TRADE MARKS
VARIETIES
Financial
incentives
To promote
progress
Economic
growth
Dissemination
Promote of knowledge
social/
common
good
OBJECTS:
PROMOTES INNOVATION
Thus, IPRs are the legal rights governing the use of creation of human
minds.
DISSEMINATION OF KNOWLEDGE
Such evidence – based knowledge is sine qua none to claim the rights
flowing from such Intellectual Property.
100
80 monopoly
60 perfect
40 competition
20
0
SOCIAL OR COMMON GOOD
Thus, when prices are low, the net accessibility of the consumer goods is
higher, thereby promoting its reach and service to maximum number of
people. It exploits the work commercially and makes it available to the
public.
These rights also Justifies the Labour Theory for the owner of the
idea or innovation to get his due reward.
Constitutional dimensions of the
intellectual property rights (IPR’s)
CONSTITUTIONAL NOTION OF PROPERTY RIGHTS
Direct provisions : Includes Article 300A and Entry 49th , List 1 of the 7th
Schedule to the Constitution.
Article 300A :
Article 19(1)(a) provides – All citizens shall have the right to freedom
of speech and expression.
Article 51A(k) provides that it shall be the duty of every citizen of India
who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his
child or ward between the age of six to fourteen years.
Article 51A(h) provides that it shall be the duty of every citizen of India
to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and
reform.
AGREEMENT ON TRADE Related
intellectual property rights(trips)
TRIPS AGREEMENT
• Reference point to all kinds of Intellectual Property.
• Governs the Administrative structure of Intellectual Property.
• International Agreement administered by World Trade Organisation
(WTO; modelled on UNICITRAL) which sets down minimum
standards for many forms of IP regulation.
• Negotiated at the end of Uruguay Round of GATT (General
Agreement on Trade and Tariff) in 1994. It is referred as Bretton Woods
Institution, examined through Arthur Drunkel Proposal. Rounds of talks
resulted into Marrakesh Agreement and Mastricht Treaty.
• India Signed it on 15th March 1994.
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Wipo (UNICITRAL (Bretton W
lk lo re model) oods
Institution
(fo MODEL) )
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Arthur
Drunkel
Proposal
TRIPS Agreement
Trips agreement : an Overview
Article 8(1) is important to the Less- Developed Countries as it provides justification for special
exceptions that promote the public interest in sectors of vital importance to socio- economic
and technological development. It focusses on :-
• Public Health
For eg. In patenting of drugs, access to medicine.
• Nutrition
To achieving nutritional security (quality) along with food security
(quantity) by bringing food under patent law.
• Public Interest
It includes :
Promotion of innovation; technology transfer; Competition policy; Human rights;
development; fight against poverty; environment protection; education. Thus, it is
vital factor in socio- economic development.
patentable subject matter:
(article 27)
Patentable Subject Matter : Concept
• Article 27(2) And (3) Of The Trips Agreement Provides For The Things That
Can Be Excluded From Patentability.
Article 27(2)
Article 27(2) provides that ‘members may exclude from patentability:
Inventions, the prevention within their territory of the commercial exploitation of which is
necessary to protect public order and morality and to leave no confusion including
protection of human, animal or plant, life(health) or to avoid serious prejudice to the
environment.’
(a) diagnostic, therapeutic and surgical methods of patent of human being and
animals.
(b) plants and animals, other than microorganisms and essentially biological
processes.