Introduction to the

Study of Globalization

by: Manfred Steger

Group 1:
Amistad, Edrian Digamo, Chris
Basco, Denny Lacson, Mark
Binondo, Steve Languido, Jessie
Collamar, Nazarene Siona, JP
OBJECTIVE
• Discuss Globalism’s Morphology, centering on its
ideological status
INTRODUCTION

• System of ideas which is determined by economic class

conflict and which reflects and promotes the interests of
the dominant class

• ‘Current fragmentation of established ideologies and

uncerntainty whether ideology exists’ highlighted the
difficulty of capturing changing morphologies of political
belief system
 What is Globalization ?
• Refers to the expansion and intensification of social
relations and consciousness across world-time and
world-space. It is a multi-dimensional phenomenon
involving economics, politics, culture, ideology,
environment, and technology.
 What is Ideology?
• A form of social or political philosophy in which practical
elements are as prominent as theoretical ones. It is a
system of ideas that aspires both to explain the world
and to change it.
 Globalization: process, condition, or
ideology

• Globalization denotes not an ideology but a range of

processes nesting under one wieldy epithet (Michael Freeden)

• Conceptual unwieldiness arises from the fact that global flows

occur in different physical and mental dimension, divided by
Arjun Appadurai into ethnoscapes, technoscapes,
mediascapes, finanscapes, and ideoscapes.
 ETHNOSCAPE
• Refers to the flow of people across boundaries. While people
such as labor migrants or refugees (see case study below)
travel out of necessity or in search of better opportunities for
themselves and their families, leisure travelers are also part of
this scape.
 TECHNOSCAPE
• Refers to flows of technology. Apple’s iPhone is just one
example of how the movement of technologies across
boundaries can radically affect day-to-day life for people all
along the commodity chain.
 MEDIASCAPE
• Refers to the flow of media across borders. In earlier historic
periods, it could take weeks or even months for
entertainment and education content to travel from one
location to another.
 FINANCESCAPE
• Refers to the flow of money across political borders. Like the
other flows discussed by Appadurai, this phenomenon has
been occurring for centuries.
 IDEOSCAPE
• Refers to the flow of ideas. This can be small-scale, such as an
individual posting her or his personal views on Facebook for
public consumption, or it can be larger and more systematic.
• ‘Globality’ means a future social condition characterized by
thick economic, political, and cultural interconnections and
global flows that make existing political borders and
economic barriers irrelevant.

• “ not to say it precludes further development buy rather

points to a social condition destined to give way to a new
distinct constellations.
• Globalization is a set of complex, sometimes contradictory,
social processes that are changing current social condition
based on the modern system of independent nationstate.

• ‘a multidimensional set of social processes that create,

multiply, stretch, and intensify worldwide social
interdependencies and exhanges.
• It is about the unprecedented compression of time and space as
result of political, economic, and cultural change.

• The term suggests ‘development’ or ‘unfolding’, and denotes

alteration of present condition.

• This focus on Change explains why scholars pay attention to

shifting temporal modes and reconfiguration of social and
geographical space.
• Though remained ‘unwieldy epithet’, but successfully decontested in
public discourse in 1980’s – 1990’s

• ‘Globalist’ constructed/ disseminated narratives/ images that associated

the concept of globalization with expanding ‘free’ markets

• ‘Globalism’ a rising political belief system with core claims advocation:

o Deregulation of markets
o Liberalization of trade
o Privatization of state-owned enterprises
o Dissemination of ‘American values’
o Support of global war on terror
• Popular support for globalization was high in poor countries of
the global south

• 19 countries surveyed in 2004 by the University of Maryland, 55%

believed globalization was positive for them, against 25%
negative

• Globalism is a ‘strong discourse’, difficult to resist as it relies on

the power of common sense – the widespread belief that its
prescriptive program derives from an objective description of the
‘real world’.
 THE END
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