EAT 237

WATER SUPPLY
ENGINEERING

Week 2:
Water Conveyance

Fahmi Muhammad Ridwan

SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS
2014
 Water Conveyance system
Objective : To provide a conduit to move
water from the raw water intake to the
treatment plant and from the treatment
plant to the point of use.

Types of Conveyance System

- Open Channels: Canals, Flumes and
Aqueducts, Gravity Conduits, Grade Tunnels
- Pressure Conduit
 Hydraulics Considerations
For Open Channel: Manning Equation

For Pressure Conduits: Hazen-Williams Equation

v  kCh R 0.63 0.54
s
In U.S customary Unit:

v  1.32Ch R 0.63 s 0.54

The coefficient Ch is dependent only on the
condition of the surface of the pipe or conduit. Table
8.3 gives typical values

Ch
Average for Design
Type of Pipe New, Clean Pipe Value
The Hazen–Williams formula for SI units is

v  0.85Ch R 0.63 0.54

s
Other types of calculations that are often
desired are:

1.To determine the required size of pipe to carry a

given flow rate while limiting the energy loss to
some specified value.
2.To determine the energy loss for a given flow rate
through a given type and size of pipe of a known
length.

The following table shows several forms of the

Hazen–Williams formula that facilitate such
calculations.
 Nomograph for solving the Hazen-Williams
Formula
• The nomograph shown in the following figure allows the
solution of the Hazen–Williams formula to be done by
simply aligning known quantities with a straight edge and
reading the desired unknowns at the intersection of the
straight edge with the appropriate vertical axis.
• Note that this nomograph is constructed for the value of
the Hazen–Williams coefficient of Ch = 100.
Example 1
For what velocity of flow of water in a new, clean, 6-in
Schedule 40 steel pipe would an energy loss of 6.1 m of
head occur over a length of 304.8 m? Compute the
volume flow rate at that velocity. Then refigure the
velocity using the design value of Ch for steel pipe.

Example 2
Specify the required size of Schedule 40 steel pipe to
carry 0.034 m3/s of water with no more than 4.0 m of
head loss over a 1000 m length of pipe. Use the design
value for Ch.
Tutorial Question 1
Water flows at a rate of 0.042 m3/s through 167.64 m of
6-in cement line ductile iron pipe. Compute the energy
loss
Tutorial Question 2
Compute the energy loss as water flows in a 4-in type K
copper tube at a rate of 1000 L/min over a length of 45 m.
Tutorial Question 3
A fire protection system includes 457.2 m of 10-in
schedule 40 steel pipe. Compute the energy loss in the
pipe when it carries 5677.5 L/min of water

Tutorial Question 4
A 4-in type K copper tube carries 900 L/min of water over
length of 80 m. Compute the energy loss.
Tutorial Question 5
Specify the suitable size of new, clean schedule 40 steel
pipe that would carry 1135.5 L/min of water over a length of
365.76 m with no more than 3.05 m of head loss. For the
selected pipe, compute the actual expected head loss.
Tutorial Question 6
For the pipe selected in Question 5, compute the head
loss using the design value for Ch rather than that for
new, clean pipe.
Tutorial Question 7
Compute the head loss that would result from the flow of
378.5 L/min of water through 304.8 m of new, clean
schedule 40 steel pipe for 2-in and 3-in sizes.